amphotericin B | 1397-89-3

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 抗生素类药物 - 多烯类药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氧化合物
• 英文名称: amphotericin B
• 英文别名: AmB；3-Cyanobenzenemethanol；(1R,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid
• CAS: 1397-89-3
• 化学式: C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇
• 分子量: 924.093
• InChiKey: APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  >170°C
• 比旋光度：
  D24 +333° (acidic DMF); -33.6° (0.1N methanolic HCl)
• 沸点：
  804.34°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.34
• 溶解度：
  无菌水：20 mg/mL作为储存液。储存液应储存在−20°C。在37℃下稳定保存3天。
• 颜色/状态：
  Deep yellow prisms or needles from n,n-dimethylformamide
• 气味：
  ODORLESS OR PRACTICALLY SO
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Solids and solutions appear stable for long periods between pH 4 and 10 when stored at moderate temperature out of light and air.
• 旋光度：
  Specific optical rotation at 24 °C/D: +333 deg (acidic N,N-dimethylformamide); -33.6 deg (0.1 N methanolic hydrochloric acid)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0
• 重原子数：
  65
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.66
• 拓扑面积：
  320
• 氢给体数：
  12
• 氢受体数：
  18

ADMET

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

复合物：两性霉素B

Compound:amphotericin b

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

DILI 注解：较少的药物性肝损伤关注

DILI Annotation:Less-DILI-Concern

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

严重性等级：3

Severity Grade:3

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

标签部分：警告和预防措施

Label Section:Warnings and precautions

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 用于研究药物诱导肝损伤的FDA批准药物标签，药物发现今日，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。药物发现今日2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

吸收、分配和排泄

两性霉素B的药代动力学因药物是以传统两性霉素B（与去氧胆酸钠配方）、两性霉素B胆固醇硫酸盐复合物、两性霉素B脂质体复合物还是两性霉素B脂质体形式给药而有很大差异，一种两性霉素B制剂的药代动力学参数不应用于预测任何其他两性霉素B制剂的药代动力学。

The pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B vary substantially depending on whether the drug is administered as conventional amphotericin B (formulated with sodium desoxycholate), amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex, amphotericin B lipid complex, or amphotericin B liposomal, and pharmacokinetic parameters reported for one amphotericin B formulation should not be used to predict the pharmacokinetics of any other amphotericin B formulation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

两性霉素B从胃肠道吸收不良，必须通过胃肠道外给药来治疗全身性真菌感染。在一项研究中，静脉输注30毫克两性霉素B（在几小时内给药）完成后，平均血药峰浓度约为1微克/毫升；当剂量为50毫克时，平均血药峰浓度大约为2微克/毫升。输注后即刻，血清中只能检测到不超过10%的两性霉素B剂量。当每天给予30毫克剂量或每隔一天给予60毫克剂量时，记录的平均最低血药浓度约为0.4微克/毫升。

Amphotericin B is poorly absorbed from the GI tract and must be given parenterally to treat systemic fungal infections. In one study, immediately after completion of iv infusion of 30 mg of amphotericin B (administered over a period of several hours), average peak serum concentrations were about 1 ug/ml; when the dose was 50 mg, average peak serum concentrations were approximately 2 ug/ml. Immediately after infusion, no more than 10% of the amphotericin B dose can be accounted for in serum. Average minimum serum concentrations (recorded just prior to the next drug infusion) of approximately 0.4 ug/ml have been reported when doses of 30 mg were given daily or when doses of 60 mg were given every other day.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

两性霉素B的分布信息有限，尽管分布显然是多室的。据报道，给予常规两性霉素B后，药物的分布体积为4 L/kg；给予两性霉素B胆固醇硫酸盐后，稳态下的分布体积为3.8-4.1 L/kg。据报道，在给予常规两性霉素B后，药物在炎症胸膜、腹膜、滑膜和水状液中的浓度约为同期血浆浓度的60%；药物也分布到玻璃体液、胸膜、心包、腹膜和滑膜液中。据报道，两性霉素B能穿过胎盘，在羊水中的浓度较低。

Information on the distribution of amphotericin B is limited, although distribution is apparently multicompartmental. The volume of distribution of the drug following administration of conventional amphotericin B has been reported to be 4 L/kg; the volume of distribution at steady state after administration of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate is reported to be 3.8-4.1 L/kg. Amphotericin B concentrations attained in inflamed pleura, peritoneum, synovium, and aqueous humor following IV administration of conventional amphotericin B reportedly are about 60% of concurrent plasma concentrations; the drug also is distributed into vitreous humor, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and synovial fluid. Amphotericin B reportedly crosses the placenta and low concentrations are attained in amniotic fluid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

静脉注射传统两性霉素B后，脑脊液（CSF）中的药物浓度大约是同期血清浓度的3%。为了达到抑菌作用的CSF浓度，通常需要通过鞘内给药。对于患有脑膜炎的患者，通过皮下储液器鞘内给药0.2-0.3毫克的传统两性霉素B可以产生0.5-0.8微克/毫升的脑脊液峰值浓度；给药24小时后，脑脊液浓度为0.11-0.29微克/毫升。两性霉素B通过蛛网膜绒毛从脑脊液中移除，并似乎储存在大脑细胞外间隙，这可能成为药物的储存库。

Following IV administration of conventional amphotericin B, CSF concentrations of the drug are approximately 3% of concurrent serum concentrations. To achieve fungistatic CSF concentrations, the drug must usually be administered intrathecally. In patients with meningitis, intrathecal administration of 0.2-0.3 mg of conventional amphotericin B via a subcutaneous reservoir has produced peak CSF concentrations of 0.5-0.8 ug/mL; 24 hours after the dose, CSF concentrations were 0.11-0.29 ug/mL. Amphotericin B is removed from the CSF by arachnoid villi and appears to be stored in the extracellular compartment of the brain, which may act as a reservoir for the drug.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(b)
• 危险品标志：
  Xi,Xn,T,C
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R22,R40,R36/37/38,R23/24/25
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29419090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1759 8/PG 3
• RTECS号：
  BU2625000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1(b)

制备方法与用途

两性霉素B是一种用于治疗严重真菌感染的重要药物。它通过与真菌细胞膜上的固醇结合，破坏细胞膜的通透性，导致重要物质流失，从而杀死或抑制真菌生长。

主要特点

• 抗菌谱广：对多种真菌包括新型隐球菌、白色念珠菌等都有强大作用。
• 毒性较高：治疗剂量下可能会引起一些副作用如肾功能损害、发热和寒战、低钾血症等。
• 不同剂型：
  • 普通两性霉素B
  • 脂质体两性霉素B，减少了对肾脏的毒性。

化学性质

• 外观与溶解性：淡黄色至橙黄色针状结晶或粉末。不溶于水和乙醇。
• 稳定性：容易被光、热和酸破坏。
• 气味与味道：几乎无味。

生产方法

使用节链霉菌进行发酵提取，经过一系列纯化步骤得到最终产品。

使用注意事项

1. 严格按照医嘱用药，避免过量。
2. 注意观察可能出现的副作用，并及时报告医生。
3. 长期或高剂量使用可能需要定期监测肾功能和电解质平衡。

替代品与新制剂

为了减少传统两性霉素B的一些毒性反应，开发了脂质体形式的两性霉素B。这种制剂能够更有效地靶向真菌细胞，并减少对正常人体组织的影响。

总之，两性霉素B是一种非常有效的抗真菌药物，但由于其较强的毒性和某些限制，在使用时需要高度谨慎并严格遵循医疗指导。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  亚磷酸二丁酯 、 amphotericin B 在 三乙胺 作用下， 以 四氯化碳 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 以50%的产率得到(3'-N-dibutoxyphosphoryl)amphotericin B
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Chemical modification of heptaene macrolide antibiotic Amphotericin B under conditions of the Atherton-Todd reaction

  摘要：

  Chemical modification of heptaene macrolide antibiotic Amphotericin B with dialkyl(diaryl)-phosphites has been performed under conditions of the Atherton-Todd reaction. As a result, the corresponding dialkyl(aryl)amidophosphonate derivatives of Amphotericin B have been formed. The prepared derivatives have been characterized by their physicochemical properties, toxicity, and antifungal activity against a set of test cultures of pathogenic fungi and yeast-like fungi of the Candida species.

  DOI：

  10.1134/s107036321410017x

文献信息

• [EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
  申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC

  公开号：WO2017075056A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-05-04

  The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

  本发明提供了化合物I和II，这些化合物可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的抑制剂，以及它们的组合物和使用方法。
• Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
  申请人：Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

  公开号：US20150231142A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-08-20

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.

  本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物（A式、B式、C式或D式）的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方，以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病，特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
• Integrase inhibitors
  申请人：Cai R. Zhenhong

  公开号：US20080058315A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-03-06

  Tricyclic compounds, protected intermediates thereof, and methods for inhibition of HIV-integrase are disclosed.

  三环化合物，其受保护的中间体，以及用于抑制HIV整合酶的方法被披露。
• PYRIMIDINYL AND 1,3,5-TRIAZINYL BENZIMIDAZOLES AND THEIR USE IN CANCER THERAPY
  申请人：Rewcastle Gordon William

  公开号：US20110009405A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-01-13

  Provided herein are pyrimidinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl benzimidazoles of Formula I, and their pharmaceutical compositions, preparation, and use as agents or drugs for cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.

  本文提供了式I的嘧啶基和1,3,5-三嗪基苯并咪唑化合物，以及它们的药物组合物、制备方法，以及作为抗癌治疗药物或药剂的用途，可以单独使用，也可以与放疗和/或其他抗癌药物联合使用。
• [EN] PYRROLOTRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES AS PI3K INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PYRROLOTRIAZINONE EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DES PI3K
  申请人：ALMIRALL SA

  公开号：WO2014060432A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-04-24

  New pyrrolotriazinone derivatives having the chemical structure of formula (I), are disclosed; as well as process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use in therapy as inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases (PI3Ks)

  新的吡咯三唑酮衍生物具有化学结构式（I），公开；以及它们的制备方法，包括它们的药物组合物和它们作为磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3Ks）抑制剂在治疗中的应用。