代谢
Umifenovir在体内高度代谢,主要在肝脏和肠道微粒体中进行,大约观察到33种代谢物出现在人类血浆、尿液和粪便中。主要的I相代谢途径包括磺氧化、N-脱甲基化和羟基化,随后是II相硫酸盐和葡萄糖苷酸结合。在尿液中,主要的代谢物是硫酸盐和葡萄糖苷酸结合物,而在粪便中主要的物质是未改变的母药(约40%)和M10代谢物(约3.0%)。在血浆中,主要的代谢物是M6-1、M5和M8 - 其中,M6-1似乎最重要,因为它具有高血浆暴露和长消除半衰期(约25小时),使得它成为umifenovir安全性和有效性中的一个潜在重要因素。参与umifenovir代谢的酶包括细胞色素P450家族(主要是CYP3A4),黄素含单加氧酶(FMO)家族和UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UGT)家族(特别是UGT1A9和UGT2B7)。
Umifenovir is highly metabolized in the body, primarily in hepatic and intestinal microsomess, with approximately 33 metabolites having been observed in human plasma, urine, and feces. The principal phase I metabolic pathways include sulfoxidation, N-demethylation, and hydroxylation, followed by phase II sulfate and glucuronide conjugation. In the urine, the major metabolites were sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, while the major species in the feces was unchanged parent drug (~40%) and the M10 metabolite (~3.0%). In the plasma, the principal metabolites are M6-1, M5, and M8 - of these, M6-1 appears of most importance given its high plasma exposure and long elimination half-life (~25h), making it a potentially important player in the safety and efficacy of umifenovir. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of umifenovir include members of the cytochrome P450 family (primarily CYP3A4), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) family, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family (specifically UGT1A9 and UGT2B7).
来源:DrugBank