Nitroalkanes 4 are readily prepared from naturally derived polyunsaturated fatty alcohols 1 via successive conversion to the corresponding haloalkanes 2 and 3, and reaction with silver nitrite. Reaction of nitroalkanes 4 a,b with methyl acrylate, followed by ester hydrolysis, affords nitro-substituted fatty acids 6 a,b and 8 a,b. Oxidation of alcohols 1 a,b gives the corresponding aldehydes 9 a,b, which react by Henry condensation with nitromethane to give β-hydroxynitroalkanes 10 a,b.
硝基
烷烃 4 很容易从天然衍生的多不饱和
脂肪醇 1 通过连续转化为相应的卤代
烷烃 2 和 3 并与
亚硝酸银反应制备。硝基
烷烃 4 a、b 与
丙烯酸甲酯反应,然后进行酯
水解,可得到硝基取代
脂肪酸 6 a、b 和 8 a、b。醇 1 a,b 氧化后生成相应的醛 9 a,b,再与
硝基甲烷发生亨利缩合反应,生成 δ-羟基硝基烷 10 a,b。