Grayanotoxin-I | 4619-00-5

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 中草药成分
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: Grayanotoxin-I
• 英文别名: [(1S,3R,4R,6S,9R,13R,14R,16R)-3,4,6,9,14-pentahydroxy-5,5,9,14-tetramethyl-16-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,8]hexadecanyl] acetate
• CAS: 4619-00-5；4720-09-6
• 化学式: C₂₂H₃₆O₇
• 分子量: 412.524
• InChiKey: NXCYBYJXCJWMRY-KZDZUICSSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  258-260 to 267-270°
• 比旋光度：
  D25 -8.8° (c = 2.3 in ethanol)
• 沸点：
  451.94°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.1142 (rough estimate)
• 颜色/状态：
  CRYSTALS FROM ETHYL ACETATE
• 溶解度：
  SOL IN HOT WATER, ALCOHOL, ACETIC ACID, HOT CHLOROFORM; VERY SLIGHTLY SOL IN BENZENE, ETHER, PETROLEUM ETHER
• 旋光度：
  SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION (C= 2.3 IN ETHANOL): -8.8 DEG @ 25 °C/D

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.8
• 重原子数：
  29
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.95
• 拓扑面积：
  127
• 氢给体数：
  5
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

毒理性

• 相互作用

苯妥英钠拮抗了葛缕子毒素I对孤立豚鼠心房的肌力作用，可能是作为细胞膜上钠流入的抑制剂。

PHENYTOIN ANTAGONIZED THE INOTROPIC EFFECT OF GRAYANOTOXIN I ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG ATRIA, PROBABLY ACTING AS AN INHIBITOR OF THE SODIUM INFLUX ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

醋酸安德罗梅多尔（10-40微克/千克）静脉注射到麻醉猫中，增加了持续不到1小时的中枢神经交感活性。可乐定HCL减少了交感活性。

ACETYLANDROMEDOL (10-40 MUG/KG) INJECTED IV INTO ANESTHETIZED CATS INCREASED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY WHICH LASTED LESS THAN 1 HR. CLONIDINE HCL DECREASED THE SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

...ANDROMEDOTOXIN...导致低血压和呼吸抑制，并且在一开始的短暂兴奋期之后还会抑制中枢神经系统。死亡是由于呼吸衰竭。/口服/

...ANDROMEDOTOXIN...GIVES RISE TO HYPOTENSION & RESP DEPRESSION, & ALSO DEPRESSES CNS AFTER AN INITIAL, TRANSIENT PERIOD OF EXCITATION. DEATH IS DUE TO RESP FAILURE. /ORAL/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

...杜鹃花科植物含有四环多元醇毒素——杜鹃素，这是一种有毒成分。摄入杜鹃花科任何成员后中毒的症状在所有物种中基本相同，其特征是流涎、呕吐尝试、腹痛、呼吸抑制、虚弱、蹒跚步态、倒下，几天病后死亡。呕吐似乎是由杜鹃素直接作用于胃中的迷走神经末端引起的；死后几乎没有，如果有，炎症的证据。

...ERICACEAE...CONTAIN THE TETRACYCLIC POLYOL ANDROMEDOTOXIN.../WHICH IS TOXIC COMPONENT/. SIGNS OF POISONING FOLLOWING INGESTION OF ANY MEMBER OF ERICACEAE ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME IN ALL SPECIES & ARE CHARACTERIZED BY SALIVATION, ATTEMPTS TO VOMIT, COLIC, DEPRESSION OF RESPIRATION, WEAKNESS, STAGGERING GAIT, COLLAPSE & DEATH AFTER SEVERAL DAYS' ILLNESS. ... EMESIS APPEARS TO BE CAUSED BY DIRECT ACTION OF ANDROMEDOTOXIN ON VAGAL NERVE ENDINGS IN THE STOMACH; THERE IS LITTLE, IF ANY, EVIDENCE OF INFLAMMATION POST MORTEM.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

两种短叶杜鹃（Rhododendron bracycarpum）叶提取物及其有毒类似物灰叶猴毒素I和III（来自灰叶猴Leucothoe grayana）被每天喂给小鼠和大鼠，持续12周。行为、一般外观、死亡率、体重、器官重量、血液学、血液生化以及大体和显微镜观察均未显示出提取物和毒素的任何显著影响，除了处理动物的体重和肝重量有所下降。尽管急性毒性强度较大，但灰叶猴毒素I和III在所研究的参数方面表现出相对较弱的亚急性毒性，这可能是由于快速代谢和/或排泄。

THE EXTRACTS OF 2 SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON BRACYCARPUM LEAVES & THEIR POISONOUS ANALOGS GRAYANOTOXIN I & III FROM LEUCOTHOE GRAYANA WERE FED DAILY TO MICE & RATS FOR 12 WEEKS. BEHAVIOR, GENERAL APPEARANCE, MORTALITY, BODY WEIGHT, ORGAN WEIGHT, HEMATOLOGY, BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, & GROSS & MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS DID NOT REVEAL ANY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS FROM THE EXTRACTS & THE TOXINS EXCEPT BODY WEIGHT & LIVER WEIGHTS DECREASED IN TREATED ANIMALS. DESPITE THE INTENSITY OF ACUTE TOXICITY, GRAYANOTOXIN I & III EXHIBIT RATHER WEAK SUBACUTE TOXICITY WITH RESPECT TO THE PARAMETERS STUDIED, WHICH MAY BE DUE TO RAPID METABOLISM &/OR EXCRETION.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物品

• 毒性分级：剧毒
• 急性毒性：
  • 腹腔注射-小鼠 LD50：1.31 毫克/公斤
  • 皮下注射-小鼠 LD50：0.148 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：

• 可燃，燃烧时产生刺激烟雾

储运特性：

• 库房应通风、低温干燥保存

灭火剂：

• 干粉、泡沫、砂土、二氧化碳及雾状水