Development of Toxoplasma gondii Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (TgCDPK1) Inhibitors with Potent Anti-Toxoplasma Activity
摘要:
Toxoplasmosis is a disease of prominent health concern that is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Proliferation of T. gondii is dependent on its ability to invade host cells, which is mediated in part by calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1). We have developed ATP competitive inhibitors of TgCDPK1 that block invasion of parasites into host cells, preventing their proliferation. The presence of a unique glycine gatekeeper residue in TgCDPK1 permits selective inhibition of the parasite enzyme over human kinases. These potent TgCDPK1 inhibitors do not inhibit the growth of human cell lines and represent promising candidates as toxoplasmosis therapeutics.
Selectfluor-mediated regioselective nucleophilic functionalization of N-heterocycles under metal- and base-free conditions
作者:Long-Yong Xie、Jie Qu、Sha Peng、Kai-Jian Liu、Zheng Wang、Man-Hua Ding、Yi Wang、Zhong Cao、Wei-Min He
DOI:10.1039/c7gc03106h
日期:——
A facile, practical and environmentally attractive protocol for the direct diversification of N-heterocycles under ambient, metal- and base-free conditions was developed.
Development of 5-Aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide-based Bumped-Kinase Inhibitors for Cryptosporidiosis Therapy
作者:Wenlin Huang、Matthew A. Hulverson、Ryan Choi、Samuel L. M. Arnold、Zhongsheng Zhang、Molly C. McCloskey、Grant R. Whitman、Robert C. Hackman、Kasey L. Rivas、Lynn K. Barrett、Kayode K. Ojo、Wesley C. Van Voorhis、Erkang Fan
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00069
日期:2019.3.28
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide. Currently, there is neither a vaccine nor a consistently effective drug available for this disease. Selective 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide-based bumped-kinase inhibitors (BKIs) are effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of Cryptosporidium parvum. Potential cardiotoxicity in some BKIs led to the continued exploration of the 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide scaffold to find safe and effective drug candidates for Cryptosporidium. A series of newly designed BKIs were tested for efficacy against C. parvum using in vitro and in vivo (mouse infection model) assays and safety issues. Compound 6 (BKI 1708) was found to be efficacious at 8 mg/kg dosed once daily (QD) for 5 days with no observable signs of toxicity up to 200 mg/kg dosed QD for 7 days. Compound 15 (BKI 1770) was found to be efficacious at 30 mg/kg dosed twice daily (BID) for 5 days with no observable signs of toxicity up to 300 mg/kg dosed QD for 7 days. Compounds 6 and 15 are promising preclinical leads for cryptosporidiosis therapy with acceptable safety parameters and efficacy in the mouse model of cryptosporidiosis.