An efficient enantioselective synthesis of (R,R)-formoterol, a potent bronchodilator, using lipases
摘要:
0The potent beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol (R,R)-1 has been obtained in enantiomerically pure form by a convenient chemoenzymatic approach by coupling of epoxide (R)-6 with the unprotected primary amine (R)-9. Both chiral precursors have been prepared by enantiodifferentiation processes involving Pseudomonas cepacia (lipase PS) and Candida antarctica lipase (CALB), respectively. For the resolution of amine 9, we have found that utilization of triethylamine as non-reactive base enhances the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity of the process. The key coupling reaction of (R)-6 and (R)-9 has been conducted through derivatization of the amine with the labile trimethylsilyl group, which liberates the amino group of the resulting amino alcohol (R,R)-11 upon column chromatography purification. In this way, the overall approach is shorter than others previously described. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Photochemical Nitration by Tetranitromethane. Part XLII. Photolysis of Some 4-Methoxystyrene Derivatives with Tetranitromethane.
摘要:
The photochemical reaction of 4-methoxystyrene (2a) with tetranitromethane in dichloromethane gives the nitro-trinitromethyl adduct, 2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-1-nitro-2-trinitromethylethane (1), which on chromatography on silica gel yields the (E)-nitroalkene, (E)-4'-methoxy-2-nitrostyrene (3); in acetonitrile solution adduct 1 is also the major product together with minor adducts. Similar reaction of trans-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-1-propene (2b) in dichloromethane gives exclusively the stereoisomeric nitro-trinitromethyl adducts, 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitro-1-trinitromethylpropanes 6 and 7, but in acetonitrile adduct 7 is the major product together with a small amount of adduct 6 and a mixture of minor adducts. The base-catalysed reactions of adducts 1 and 6 gave nitroalkenes (E)-4'-methoxy-2-nitrostyrene (3) and (E)-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitro-1-propene (8), respectively, but reaction of adduct 7 gave a product of unknown structure. Kinetic studies of the base-catalysed reactions of nitro-trinitromethyl adducts 1, 6 and 7, and a nitro-trinitromethyl adduct derived from naphthalene, cis-1-nitro-4-trinitromethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene, are reported. A mixture of (E)- and (Z)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile did not react on extended photolysis with tetranitromethane. The photochemical reactions of 4-methoxystyrenes 2a and 2b with tetranitromethane are assumed to proceed via a radical chain reaction mechanism.
Borrowing hydrogen: iridium-catalysed reactions for the formation of C–C bonds from alcohols
作者:Phillip. J. Black、Gerta Cami-Kobeci、Michael G. Edwards、Paul A. Slatford、Michael K. Whittlesey、Jonathan M. J. Williams
DOI:10.1039/b511053j
日期:——
Alcohols have been employed as substrates for C-C bond-forming reactions which involve initial activation by the temporary removal of hydrogen to form an aldehyde. The intermediate aldehyde is converted into an alkene via a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, nitroaldol and aldol reactions. The 'borrowed hydrogen' is then returned to the alkene to form a C-C bond.
Novel dihydroquinolizinones for the treatment and prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection
申请人:Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
公开号:US20150210682A1
公开(公告)日:2015-07-30
The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula:
wherein R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
and R
6
are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.
[EN] NOVEL DIHYDROQUINOLIZINONES FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION<br/>[FR] NOUVELLES DIHYDROQUINOLIZINONES POUR LE TRAITEMENT ET LA PROPHYLAXIE D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE B
申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
公开号:WO2015113990A1
公开(公告)日:2015-08-06
The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2 R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds in the treatment of the hepatitis B virus.
Clean five-step synthesis of an array of 1,2,3,4-tetra-substituted pyrroles using polymer-supported reagents
作者:Marina Caldarelli、Jörg Habermann、Steven V. Ley
DOI:10.1039/a809345h
日期:——
Polymer-supported reagents and other solid sequestering agents may be used to generate an array of 1,2,3,4-tetra-substituted pyrrole derivatives without any chromato-graphic purification step.