palladium and rhodium catalysis. The catalytic activities correlated well with the extractabilities of the phosphine ligands. The compound [RhCl(cod)]2, combined with IIIc and IIId, shows high activities toward catalytic hydrogenation of potassium and caesium cinnamates, respectively. Replacement of allyl bromide with powdered sodium or potassium iodide in benzene to give allyl iodide are catalyzed by
一系列
冠醚改性的三芳基膦,1,2-
二苯基膦基-2,3,5,6,8,9-六氢-1,4,7,10-苯并四氧杂环丁环素(IIIa)及其更高的同系物(III)(据报道,常见的命名法是3 n-
二苯基膦基苯并[3 n-冠-n ]醚(n = 4、5、6和7)。评估了提取碱
金属
苦味酸盐的热力学参数。膦III(n = 5和6)与na +和K +形成1:1
化学计量的冠状配合物。观察到的可萃取性与腔尺寸选择性的概念非常吻合。热力学参数Δ ħ °和Ť Δ小号dgC时萃取络合的°分别为-63至-58 kJ / mol和-41至-35 kJ / mol,因此ΔG °由焓项控制。这些膦作为均相
钯和
铑催化的辅助
配体应用于液相-液相或液相-固相反应。催化活性与
膦配体的可萃取性密切相关。化合物[RhCl(cod)] 2与IIIc和IIId结合,分别对
肉桂酸钾和
肉桂酸铯的催化加氢表现出高活性。烯丙基
溴与粉状
碘化钠或
碘化钾的