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-Arginyl-3,4-Spermidine is neuroprotective in several <i>in vitro</i>
models of neurodegeneration and <i>in vivo</i>
ischaemia without suppressing synaptic transmission
作者:Barclay Morrison、Ashley K Pringle、Terence McManus、John Ellard、Mark Bradley、Francesco Signorelli、Fausto Iannotti、Lars E Sundstrom
DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704986
日期:2002.12
Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the world, and there is a clear need to develop new therapeutics for the stroke victim. To address this need, we generated a combinatorial library of polyamine compounds based on sFTX‐3.3 toxin from which L‐Arginyl‐3,4‐Spermidine (L‐Arg‐3,4) emerged as a lead neuroprotective compound. In the present study, we have extended earlier results to examine the compound's neuroprotective actions in greater detail.
In an in vitro ischaemia model, L‐Arg‐3,4 significantly reduced CA1 cell death when administered prior to induction of 60 min of ischaemia as well as when administered immediately after ischaemia. Surprisingly, L‐Arg‐3,4 continued to prevent cell death significantly when administration was delayed for as long as 60 min after ischaemia.
L‐Arg‐3,4 significantly reduced cell death in excitotoxicity models mediated by glutamate, NMDA, AMPA, or kainate. Unlike glutamate receptor antagonists, 300 μM L‐Arg‐3,4 did not suppress synaptic transmission as measured by evoked responses in acute hippocampal slices.
L‐Arg‐3,4 provided significant protection, in vitro, in a superoxide mediated injury model and prevented an increase of superoxide production after AMPA or NMDA stimulation. It also decreased nitric oxide production after in vitro ischaemia and NMDA stimulation, but did so without inhibiting nitric oxide synthase directly.
Furthermore, L‐Arg‐3,4 was significantly neuroprotective in an in vivo model of global forebrain ischaemia, without any apparent neurological side‐effects.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that L‐Arg‐3,4 is protective in several models of neurodegeneration and may have potential as a new therapeutic compound for the treatment of stroke, trauma, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 1255–1268. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704986
中风是全球第三大致死原因,迫切需要开发新的治疗方法来帮助中风患者。为此,我们基于sFTX-3.3毒素生成了一个聚胺化合物组合库,从中筛选出了一种有潜力的神经营养化合物——L-精氨酰-3,4-亚精胺(L-Arg-3,4)。在本研究中,我们进一步扩展了早期研究结果,对这种化合物的神经营养作用进行了更详细的探讨。
在一个体外缺血模型中,无论是预先给予还是在缺血后立即给予L-Arg-3,4,均能显著减少缺血60分钟后CA1神经元的死亡。令人惊讶的是,即使在缺血后延迟60分钟给予,L-Arg-3,4仍能显著防止细胞死亡。
在由谷氨酸、NMDA、AMPA或kainate引起的兴奋性毒性模型中,L-Arg-3,4均可显著减少神经元死亡。与谷氨酸受体拮抗剂不同,300 μM的L-Arg-3,4并未抑制急性海马切片中测量到的突触传递。
L-Arg-3,4在体外超氧诱导的损伤模型中提供了显著的保护作用,防止AMPA或NMDA刺激后超氧产生增加。它还减少了体外缺血和NMDA刺激后的NO生成,但并未直接抑制NO合酶。
此外,在一个活体模型中,L-Arg-3,4对全脑缺血提供了显著的神经保护作用,且未出现明显的神经副作用。
综上所述,这些结果表明,L-Arg-3,4在多种神经退行性疾病模型中具有保护作用,可能作为一种新的治疗化合物用于中风、创伤和其他神经退行性疾病的治疗。
英国药理学杂志(2002)137, 1255–1268。 doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704986