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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药 激素及调节内分泌功能类药 胰腺激素及其它调节血糖药

    胰腺激素及其它调节血糖药

    胰腺是人体中重要的消化腺之一，兼具内分泌和外分泌功能。其中，胰岛作为散布在胰腺腺泡间的细胞群，从胰头到胰尾数量逐渐增多，包含四种不同类型的细胞：

    • A细胞：负责分泌胰高血糖素；
    • B细胞：较小于A细胞，主要分泌胰岛素、胰岛素原和C肽；
    • D细胞：分泌生长激素释放抑制激素及舒血管肠肽；
    • F细胞：分泌胰多肽。

    胰岛素的功能广泛，包括促进糖原合成、抑制糖原分解与异生、增强糖的利用；促进脂肪合成并抑制其分解；推动蛋白质合成同时抑制其分解；以及促进脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）、核糖核酸（RNA）及三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的生成。

    C肽（C-P）虽无生物活性，却是评估胰岛功能的重要指标。胰岛素原的作用与胰岛素相似，但强度较弱。胰高血糖素则促进物质分解、保证餐间各组织的能量供应、促使肝糖原异生、提高血糖水平、加速脂肪分解，并抑制胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌，同时增加胆汁和肠液的产生；它还能刺激胰岛素与生长激素的分泌，以及降钙素和甲状腺素的释放。

    此外，胰岛素抗体具有中和血液中胰岛素的作用，延缓其降解、激活补体等功能。胰多肽（PP）则抑制胆囊收缩、减少胆汁排量、抑制胰酶释放及胃动素分泌等作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    鲁格列净 luseogliflozin 898537-18-3 C23H30O6S
    鲁格列净
    降糖灵 phenformin 114-86-3 C10H15N5
    降糖灵
    阿卡波糖 acarbose 56180-94-0 C25H43NO18
    阿卡波糖
    那格列奈 nateglinide 105816-04-4 C19H27NO3
    那格列奈
    胰岛素,来源于猪胰腺 Neutral insulin 12584-58-6 C256H381N65O76S6
    胰岛素,来源于猪胰腺
    胰岛素 Insulin 9004-10-8 C256H381N65O77S6
    胰岛素
    罗西普托 AQX-1125 782487-28-9 C20H35NO2
    罗西普托
    罗格列酮 rosiglitazone 122320-73-4 C18H19N3O3S
    罗格列酮
    米格列醇 migitol 72432-03-2 C8H17NO5
    米格列醇
    米格列奈 Calcium (S)-2-benzyl-4-((3aR,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-isoindol-2(3H)-yl)-4-oxobutanoate 145525-41-3 C19H25CaNO3
    米格列奈
    米格列奈 mitiglinide 145375-43-5 C19H25NO3
    米格列奈
    磷酸西他列汀 sitagliptin phosphate 654671-78-0 C16H15F6N5O*H3O4P
    磷酸西他列汀
    盐酸苯乙福明 phenformin hydrochloride 834-28-6 C10H15N5*ClH
    盐酸苯乙福明
    盐酸布他沙明 d-Butoxamine hydrochloride (1:1) 5696-15-1 C15H26ClNO3
    盐酸布他沙明
    盐酸吡格列酮 5-{4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl}-2,4-thiazolidinedione hydrochloride 112529-15-4 C19H20N2O3S*ClH
    盐酸吡格列酮
    盐酸二甲双胍 metformin hydrochloride 1115-70-4 C4H11N5*ClH
    盐酸二甲双胍
    盐酸丁福明 buformin hydrochloride 1190-53-0 C6H15N5*ClH
    盐酸丁福明
    甲苯磺丁脲 N-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide 64-77-7 C12H18N2O3S
    甲苯磺丁脲
    甲基泼尼松龙琥珀酸酯 6α-methylprednisolone-21-hydrogen succinate 2921-57-5 C26H34O8
    甲基泼尼松龙琥珀酸酯
    甘精胰岛素 Basaglar 160337-95-1 C267H404N72O78S6
    甘精胰岛素
    瑞格列奈 (S)-repaglinide 135062-02-1 C27H36N2O4
    瑞格列奈
    氯磺丙脲 chlorpropamide 94-20-2 C10H13ClN2O3S
    氯磺丙脲
    氨磺丁脲 carbutamide 339-43-5 C11H17N3O3S
    氨磺丁脲
    氟立班丝氨 flibanserin 167933-07-5 C20H21F3N4O
    氟立班丝氨
    格列齐特 gliclazide 21187-98-4 C15H21N3O3S
    格列齐特
    格列波脲 glibornuride 26944-48-9 C18H26N2O4S
    格列波脲
    格列本脲 Glibenclamid 10238-21-8 C23H28ClN3O5S
    格列本脲
    格列嘧啶钠 3459-20-9 C13H15N3NaO4S
    格列嘧啶钠
    格列喹酮 gliquidone 33342-05-1 C27H33N3O6S
    格列喹酮
    格列吡嗪 glipizide 29094-61-9 C21H27N5O4S
    格列吡嗪
    托瑞司他 tolrestat 82964-04-3 C16H14F3NO3S
    托瑞司他
    托格列净一水合物(1:1) Tofogliflozin hydrate 1201913-82-7 C22H28O7
    托格列净一水合物(1:1)
    德谷胰岛素 16-[[(1S)-4-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(1R,6R,12S,15S,18S,21S,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42R,47R,50S,53S,56S,59S,62S,65S,68S,71S,74R,77S,80S,83S,88R)-88-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-47-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]carbamoyl]-53-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-62-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-77-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-24,56-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-83-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,71,80-tris(hydroxymethyl)-33,50,65-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-15-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-27-methyl-18,30,36,59,68-pentakis(2-methylpropyl)-7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,87-hexacosaoxo-21,39-di(propan-2-yl)-3,4,44,45,90,91-hexathia-8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,86-hexacosazabicyclo[72.11.7]dononacontane-42-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carboxypentyl]amino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-16-oxohexadecanoic acid 844439-96-9 C274H411N65O81S6
    德谷胰岛素
    妥拉磺脲 tolazamide 1156-19-0 C14H21N3O3S
    妥拉磺脲
    埃格列净 Ertugliflozin 1210344-57-2 C22H25ClO7
    埃格列净
    卡格列净 canagliflozin 842133-18-0 C24H25FO5S
    卡格列净
    依帕司他 Epalrestat 82159-09-9 C15H13NO3S2
    依帕司他
    依帕列净 empagliflozin 864070-44-0 C23H27ClO7
    依帕列净
    伏格列波糖 voglibose 83480-29-9 C10H21NO7
    伏格列波糖
    二甲双胍 dimethylbiguanide 657-24-9 C4H11N5
    二甲双胍
    乙酸己脲 acetohexamide 968-81-0 C15H20N2O4S
    乙酸己脲
    乙格列酯 deoxynojirimycin 80879-63-6 C17H25NO7
    乙格列酯
    丁福明 buformin 692-13-7 C6H15N5
    丁福明
    (2S)-2-苄基-3-(顺式全氢异吲哚-2-羰基)丙酸钙二水合物 Calcium (S)-2-benzyl-4-((3aR,7aS)-octahydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoate dihydrate 207844-01-7 C38H52CaN2O8
    (2S)-2-苄基-3-(顺式全氢异吲哚-2-羰基)丙酸钙二水合物
    —— 3-[[5-amino-2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-[(1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 9007-92-5 C153H225N43O49S
    3-[[5-amino-2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-[(1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
    —— Insulin (cattle) 11070-73-8 C254H377N65O75S6
    Insulin (cattle)
    —— 18-[[(1S)-4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-18-oxooctadecanoic acid 910463-68-2 C187H291N45O59
    18-[[(1S)-4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-18-oxooctadecanoic acid
    —— 3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol 24266-69-1 C18H26N2O4S
    3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol
    —— 3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol 24266-69-1 C18H26N2O4S
    3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol
    —— calcium;(2S)-4-[(3aS,7aR)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]-2-benzyl-4-oxobutanoate 145525-41-3 C38H48CaN2O6
    calcium;(2S)-4-[(3aS,7aR)-1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroisoindol-2-yl]-2-benzyl-4-oxobutanoate