Neighboring group participation in Lewis acid-promoted [3 + 4] and [3 + 5] annulations. The stereocontrolled synthesis of tricyclic ethers
摘要:
A variety of 1,4- and 1,5-keto aldehydes derived from cycloalkanes are coupled with the bis(trimethylsilyl) enol ether of methyl acetoacetate in the presence of either TMSOTf or TrSbCl6 to generate tricyclic ethers. The reactions proceed with excellent regiochemical control by a mechanism involving neighboring group participation. This mechanism involves initial formation of a bicyclic oxocarbenium ion intermediate from the keto aldehyde substrates. The geometries of selected bicyclic intermediates have been optimized using the AM1 method allowing successful prediction of the stereochemical outcomes in the cyclization in most cases. Epimerization of alpha-chiral keto aldehyde substrates does not appear to occur in these Lewis acid-promoted annulation reactions.
Mild and chemoselective catalytic deprotection of ketals and acetals using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate
作者:Ali Ates、Arnaud Gautier、Bernard Leroy、Jean-Marc Plancher、Yannick Quesnel、Jean-Christophe Vanherck、István E Markó
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2003.03.002
日期:2003.11
Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) is a powerful, though mild, reagent for the efficient and selective removal of a range of ketals and acetals. This novel deprotection method requires only catalytic amounts of CAN and tolerates a variety of functional and protecting groups. Mechanistic insights suggest that the Ce(IV) salts act as unique Lewis acids and not as redox active species.