ABSTRACT
Therapies for human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease, caused by
Trypanosoma brucei
and
Trypanosoma cruzi
, respectively, are limited, providing minimal therapeutic options for the millions of individuals living in very poor communities. Here the effects of 10 novel quinolines are evaluated
in silico
and by phenotypic studies using
in vitro
and
in vivo
models. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties revealed that most molecules did not infringe on Lipinski's rules, which is a prediction of good oral absorption. These quinolines showed high probabilities of Caco2 permeability and human intestinal absorption and low probabilities of mutagenicity and of hERG1 inhibition.
In vitro
screens against bloodstream forms of
T. cruzi
demonstrated that all quinolines were more active than the reference drug (benznidazole [Bz]), except for DB2171 and DB2192, with five (DB2187, DB2131, DB2186, DB2191, and DB2217) displaying 50% effective concentrations (EC
50
s) of <3 μM (4-fold lower than that of Bz). Nine quinolines were more effective than Bz (2.7 μM) against amastigotes, showing EC
50
s ranging from 0.6 to 0.1 μM. All quinolines were also highly active
in vitro
against African trypanosomes, showing EC
50
s of ≤0.25 μM. The most potent and highly selective candidates for each parasite species were tested in
in vivo
models. Results for DB2186 were promising in mice with
T. cruzi
and
T. brucei
infections, reaching a 70% reduction of the parasitemia load for
T. cruzi
, and it cured 2 out of 4 mice infected with
T. brucei
. DB2217 was also active
in vivo
and cured all 4 mice (100% cure rate) with
T. brucei
infection.
摘要
治疗非洲锥虫病和南美锥虫病的药物
布氏锥虫
和
克鲁斯锥虫
分别引起的人类非洲锥虫病和南美锥虫病的治疗方法有限,为生活在非常贫穷社区的数百万人提供的治疗选择极少。本文对 10 种新型喹啉类药物的作用进行了
的效果进行了评估。
和表型研究
体外
和
体内
模型进行表型研究。吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性(ADMET)特性表明,大多数分子都没有违反利宾斯基规则,该规则是对良好口服吸收的预测。这些喹啉类药物的 Caco2 渗透性和人体肠道吸收概率较高,诱变性和 hERG1 抑制概率较低。
体外
体外筛选
T. cruzi
的体外筛选结果表明,除 DB2171 和 DB2192 外,所有喹啉类药物的活性均高于参比药物(苯并咪唑 [Bz]),其中五种(DB2187、DB2131、DB2186、DB2191 和 DB2217)显示出 50%的有效浓度(EC
50
s)为 3 μM(比 Bz 低 4 倍)。与 Bz(2.7 μM)相比,九种喹啉类药物对母细胞病毒更有效,显示出 EC
50
为 0.6 至 0.1 μM。所有喹啉类药物在
在体外
显示 EC
50
s ≤ 0.25 μM。针对每种寄生虫的最有效和高选择性候选化合物在
体内
模型中进行了测试。DB2186 对小鼠中的
T. cruzi
和
布鲁氏菌
感染的小鼠中的寄生虫血症量减少了 70%。
布鲁氏菌
的小鼠中,有两只感染了
布鲁氏菌
.DB2217 在
在体内
治愈了感染布鲁氏菌的所有 4 只小鼠(治愈率 100%)。
布鲁氏菌
感染。