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知母皂苷A3 | 41059-79-4

中文名称
知母皂苷A3
中文别名
知母皂苷AⅢ;知母皂苷A-III;知母皂苷 A-III
英文名称
timosaponin AIII
英文别名
Timosaponin A-III;(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
知母皂苷A3化学式
CAS
41059-79-4
化学式
C39H64O13
mdl
——
分子量
740.929
InChiKey
MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-YXOKLLKRSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    317-322 °C
  • 沸点:
    862.8±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.36±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    DMF:30mg/mL;二甲基亚砜:30mg/mL

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3.3
  • 重原子数:
    52
  • 可旋转键数:
    6
  • 环数:
    8.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    197
  • 氢给体数:
    7
  • 氢受体数:
    13

安全信息

  • WGK Germany:
    3

SDS

SDS:9e55a51c10abdc4d95a405cdcad88aec
查看

制备方法与用途

植物来源

知母为百合科植物知母(学名:Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)的干燥根茎。它味苦、性寒,归肺、胃、肾经,具有清热泻火、滋阴润燥、止渴除烦等功效。临床应用于外感热病、高热烦渴、肺热燥咳、骨蒸潮热、内热消渴及肠燥便秘等症状。知母皂苷作为其主要药理活性成分,在根茎中的含量约为6%,其中知母皂苷A-III(又称为西陵皂苷A)为典型的螺甾皂苷类成分,由菝葜皂苷元[又称萨尔萨皂苷元(Sarsasapogenin)]的C22位羟基脱氢后与两个果糖和一个葡萄糖缩合而成。知母皂苷A-III具有抗血小板聚集、改善记忆和学习能力、降血糖及抗肿瘤等多种作用,特别是在抗肿瘤方面表现尤为突出,对结肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌等均有抑制效果。

理化性质

知母皂苷A-III是一种无色柱状结晶或白色针状结晶,熔点约为317℃~322℃(分解),旋光度为-41.6°。它易溶于甲醇、80%乙醇、丁醇和含水戊醇,难溶于水,并不溶于石油醚及苯。

化学成分

知母根茎中含有约6%的皂苷类化合物,包括多种不同的皂苷衍生物,其中主要为知母皂苷A-III。这些皂苷在化学结构上较为复杂,具有特定的功能和作用机制。

用途

知母及其提取物广泛用于含量测定、鉴定及药理实验等研究领域。此外,它还能调节血管内皮细胞功能,并通过抑制某些基因表达来发挥其多种生物活性作用。


药理作用与功效 抗血小板聚集

通过刺激Ca2+内流促进血管内皮细胞释放一氧化氮(NO),进而扩张血管。同时,它还能够显著降低谷氨酸诱导的老年痴呆模型小鼠在被动回避实验中的错误次数,并缩短错误潜伏期。

改善记忆力与学习能力

知母皂苷A-III能提高脑内去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺及5-羟色胺的浓度,进而增强记忆功能。此外,它还能减少痴呆小鼠背海马和齿状回内的β-APP阳性神经元数量。

降血糖作用

该成分能够降低高血糖水平,并且其作用强度与剂量呈正相关。

抗肿瘤作用
  1. 诱导宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)凋亡:知母皂苷A-III可显著促进HeLa细胞自溶,产生大量酸性巨型自体吞噬泡,显示出比传统抗癌药物更强的诱导细胞凋亡能力。

  2. 抗结肠癌作用:通过阻止细胞周期进展来抑制肿瘤生长。具体机制包括减少S期和G2期原癌基因及细胞周期调节蛋白表达,并在G1期及M期下调细胞调节蛋白A和B1的水平。

  3. 抗乳腺癌作用:诱导细胞凋亡主要通过激活内质网小体应激实现。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    β-和α-吡喃葡萄糖过乙酸盐与PCl5的反应,并利用产物构建sarsasapogenin糖苷。
    摘要:
    β-和α-吡喃葡萄糖过乙酸盐与PCl5的反应产生了区域选择性氯化的产物。1,2,3,4,6-戊基-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(5)和-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(6)与PCl5在CCl4中的反应和甲基2,3,4 -三-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸吡喃葡萄糖(7)与PCl5在甲苯中的主要产物分别为2-O-三氯乙酰基-β-D-吡喃糖基氯4,12和14,以及α-D-吡喃糖基氯化物11、13和15分别作为次要产品。另一方面,分别为5和6的α-端基异构体的化合物8和9与PCl5的反应得到的主要产物是将C-6处的乙酰基转化为-C(Cl)= CCl2或-C(Cl )2-CCl3基团(8和16分别来自8和18和9)。10的相同反应是7的α-端基异构体,产生的α-氯化物15为主要产物。糖衍生物4与sarsasapogenin 23的糖苷化反应产生β-糖苷24(29.1%)和α-糖苷25(46.9%),12与23的糖苷化反应产生β-糖苷26(24
    DOI:
    10.1248/cpb.40.3261
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    通过伪皂苷衍生物环化获得的螺果醇和螺固醇糖苷的抗血小板凝集活性比较。
    摘要:
    天然皂苷3和4具有正常的F型环和alpha排列的CH(3)-21基团。用醇性KOH处理分别衍生自3和4的假皂苷过乙酸盐18和19,然后用乙酸酸化,得到具有异型F环的螺固醇20和22作为主要产物。通过比较它们的1H-NMR光谱数据和3-Op-溴苯甲酰基sarsasapogenin 7、3-O-乙酰基薯os皂苷元的X射线分析数据,对衍生自假衍生物11、12、18和19的皂甙元和皂苷进行结构分析。 13和皂苷20。在不同的反应条件下,使用衍生自11的螺固醇的立体模型推导了假皂甙元和假皂甙的C-22侧链的闭环反应机理。皂苷二糖苷3、4、20,
    DOI:
    10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00151-3
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文献信息

  • Total synthesis of a furostan saponin, timosaponin BII
    作者:Shuihong Cheng、Yuguo Du、Baiping Ma、Dawei Tan
    DOI:10.1039/b905091d
    日期:——
    The natural timosaponin BII, (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5β-furostane-3β,26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside, isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), has been efficiently synthesized in ten steps and 18% overall yield. The strategy of using a partially protected glycosyl donor was applied to facilitate target synthesis. The cytotoxic activities of structurally related compounds were evaluated against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells.
    从百合科植物 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge 的根茎中分离得到的天然 Timosaponin BII--(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-5β-呋喃甾烷-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷,经过 10 个步骤被高效合成,总收率为 18%。采用部分保护糖基供体的策略促进了目标合成。评估了结构相关化合物对 HL-60 人类早幼粒细胞白血病细胞的细胞毒活性。
  • New transformation pathway and cytotoxic derivatives from the acid hydrolysis of timosaponin B III
    作者:Yun-Fang Zhao、Yu-Wei Zhang、Yinru Wang、Susan L. Morris-Natschke、Wei Liu、Ting-Ting Shang、Hong Yin、Kuo-Hsiung Lee、Xue-Feng Huang
    DOI:10.1080/14786419.2018.1499640
    日期:2019.10.2
    with better biological activity, timosaponin B III was structurally modified via acid hydrolysis to yield one new (2, timopregnane A I) C21 steroidal glycoside and seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All eight compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MCF7, SW480, HepG2, and SGC7901 cell lines in vitro. As a result
    Timosaponin B III是一种主要的生物活性甾体皂苷,从知母阿米巴碱Bge中分离出来。为了潜在地发现具有更好生物活性的衍生物,通过酸水解对托莫司汀B III进行了结构修饰,以产生一种新的(2,替莫泼亚奈AI)C 21甾体糖苷和7种已知化合物。在NMR光谱和质谱的基础上阐明了它们的结构。所有八个化合物为对MCF7,SW480,HepG2细胞,和SGC7901细胞系的细胞毒活性进行评价体外。结果,化合物6和7表现出显着的活性(IC 502.94–12.2μM)。研究了这些化合物的构效关系,并提供了初步结论。此外,首次发现了动素皂苷B III的酸水解中的新的转化途径。
  • Anti-depressive activities and biotransformation of timosaponin B-III and its derivatives
    作者:WeiXin Jiang、Jing Guo、Rui Xue、KaiCheng Zhu、ZhiXiong Li、MingCang Chen、ChengGang Huang
    DOI:10.1080/14786419.2014.910663
    日期:2014.9.17
    Timosaponin B-III (TB-III) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhenae asphodeloides (Liliaceae). The biotransformation of TB-III by β-glucosidase was investigated. Three biotransformation products were isolated and their structures were identified as timosaponin B-III-a (M1), (20R,25S)-5β-spirostane-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-galacopyanoside (M2) and timosaponin AIII (M3). Then the four compounds were evaluated for their anti-depressive activity in mice by the open field test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. As a result, TB-III, M1 and M3 exhibited modest anti-depressive activity. Structure-activity relationships were investigated and the preliminary conclusions are summarised as follows: the glycosyl at C-3 and C-26 can increase the activity, the double bond between C-20 and C-22 might be important for the anti-depressive activity, the R-configuration at C-22 and S-configuration at C-20 are necessary for its anti-depressive activity.
  • Facile Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Timosaponin AIII and Its Analogs
    作者:Min Fang、Li Gu、Guofeng Gu、Junqiang Fang
    DOI:10.1080/07328303.2011.639966
    日期:2012.3
    An efficient synthesis of timosaponin AIII (TAIII) and five structurally modified analogs via a one-pot sequential glycosylation strategy is described. A partially protected D-galactopyranosyl thioglycoside was employed for regioselective glycosylation to facilitate the target synthesis. The antitumor activities of the synthetic saponins against human epithelial cervical cancer cell (HeLa) were preliminarily evaluated by means of CCK-8 assay. An L-rhamnosyl analog was discovered to display stronger inhibitory activity (IC50 3.3 mu M) than TAIII (IC50 10.7 mu M) to HeLa cell. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry to view the free supplemental file.
  • Hydrolysis of timosaponin BII by the crude enzyme from<i>Aspergillus niger</i>AS 3.0739
    作者:Wen-Bin Zhou、Bing Feng、Hong-Zhi Huang、Ping Liu、He-Shui Yu、Yang Zhao、Yu-Juan Qin、Li-Ping Kang、Bai-Ping Ma
    DOI:10.1080/10286020.2010.510470
    日期:2010.11
    Timosaponin BII (1), a steroidal saponin showing potential anti-dementia activity, was regioselectively hydrolyzed into its deglycosyl derivatives by the crude enzyme from Aspergillus niger AS 3.0739. Three biotransformation products, timosaponin BII-a (2), timosaponin BII-b (3), and timosaponin BII-c (4), were purified and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, FAB-MS, and HR-ESI-MS spectral data. Compounds 2 and 3 are new compounds.
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