中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | benzyl β-L-xylopyranoside | 478175-99-4 | C12H16O5 | 240.256 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | benzyl 4-cyano-4-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-arabinoside | 478175-78-9 | C16H19NO4 | 289.331 |
—— | benzyl 4-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl}-4-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-arabinoside | 478175-80-3 | C21H31NO6 | 393.48 |
—— | benzyl 4-O-(imidazol-1-ylsulfonyl)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-L-xylopyranoside | 478175-76-7 | C18H22N2O7S | 410.448 |
—— | benzyl 4-C-cyano-4-deoxy-α-D-arabinoside | 770735-90-5 | C13H15NO4 | 249.266 |
—— | (2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4-diol | 1026939-30-9 | C13H19NO4 | 253.298 |
—— | benzyl 4C-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-deoxy-α-D-arabinopyranoside | 478175-82-5 | C18H27NO6 | 353.415 |
Improvements in the preparation of a key imidazylate and the reduction of the derived nitrile have led to more efficient syntheses of isofagomine, noeuromycin, azafagomine, and isofagomine lactam. As well, a precursor of azafagomine has been converted into azanoeuromycin, and the nitrogen atom of isofagomine has been incorporated into a guanidine residue.
While isofagomine and noeuromycin have previously been demonstrated to be effective inhibitors of a range of exo-acting glycosidases, they are usually only very weak inhibitors of endo-glycosidases. However, the disaccharide-like 3- and 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylisofagomines have proven to be strong inhibitors of these endo-acting enzymes that utilize multiple sub-sites. In an attempt to emulate these successes, we have prepared 3- and 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylnoeuromycin, the former by a selective glycosylation (at O2) of benzyl 4-C-cyano-4-deoxy-α-d-arabinoside (also leading to another synthesis of 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylisofagomine), the latter by a non-selective glycosylation of benzyl 4-O-allyl-β-l-xyloside with subsequent introduction of the required nitrile group (also leading to another synthesis of 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylisofagomine). 3-O-β-d-Glucopyranosylnoeuromycin was evaluated as an inhibitor of a family 26 lichenase from Clostridium thermocellum, and 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylnoeuromycin as an inhibitor of both a family 5 endo-glucanase from Bacillus agaradhaerans and a family 10 endo-xylanase from Cellulomonas fimi. We also report X-ray structural investigations of 3- and 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylnoeuromycin in complex with the family 26 and family 5 β-glycoside hydrolases, respectively. The two d-glucosylated noeuromycins were indeed able to harness the additional binding energy from the sub-sites of their endo-glycoside hydrolase targets, and were thus excellent inhibitors (in the nanomolar range), binding as expected in the –1 and –2 sub-sites of the enzymes.