Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant: preparation, characterization and application in EVA
作者:Li Yu、Li Chen、Liang-Ping Dong、Liang-Jie Li、Yu-Zhong Wang
DOI:10.1039/c4ra00700j
日期:——
A novel organicâinorganic hybrid flame retardant (DOPAâATH), which was prepared via reacting dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinic acid (DOPA) with aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), was incorporated in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) to improve its flame retardance. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of the hybrid flame retardant were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results suggested that DOPA was grafted onto ATH successfully, therefore resulting in higher thermostability than ATH. The flame retardance and burning behaviour of EVA with DOPAâATH were also studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), Underwriter laboratory 94 vertical burning test (UL-94 V) and cone calorimeter test (CCT). Results of UL-94 tests and LOI tests showed that the flame retardance of EVA/DOPAâATH was better than EVA/ATH binary and EVA/DOPA/ATH ternary flame-retardant composites. The data obtained from the CCT showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EVA with the addition of 50 wt% DOPAâATH was reduced by about 25% comparing with EVA with equivalent ATH. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced remarkably as well. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that the thermal stability of EVA/DOPAâATH was improved with increased initial decomposition temperature and char residue. SEM observations of cryogenically fractured and tension fractured surfaces showed that EVA/DOPAâATH had better interfacial interaction comparing with those of EVA/ATH and EVA/DOPA/ATH, which resulted in better elongation at break and tensile strength.
一种新型有机-无机杂化阻燃剂(DOPA-ATH),通过二苯并[c,e][1,2]氧膦酸(DOPA)与三水合氧化铝(ATH)反应制备而成,用于乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)中以提高其阻燃性能。杂化阻燃剂的结构、形貌和热稳定性通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)进行表征。结果表明,DOPA成功接枝到ATH上,因此热稳定性高于ATH。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、美国保险商实验室94垂直燃烧试验(UL-94V)和锥形量热仪试验(CCT)研究了EVA与DOPA-ATH的阻燃性和燃烧行为。UL-94和LOI测试结果显示,EVA/DOPA-ATH的阻燃性能优于EVA/ATH二元和EVA/DOPA/ATH三元阻燃复合材料。从CCT获得的数据表明,与等量ATH的EVA相比,添加50 wt% DOPA-ATH的EVA的峰值热释放速率(PHRR)降低了约25%。总热释放量(THR)和总烟雾产生量(TSP)也显著降低。热重分析(TGA)数据表明,EVA/DOPA-ATH的热稳定性随着初始分解温度的升高和残碳量的增加而提高。低温断裂和拉伸断裂表面的SEM观察显示,EVA/DOPA-ATH的界面相互作用优于EVA/ATH和EVA/DOPA/ATH,从而导致更好的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。