Investigation of Nonspecific Effects of Different Dyes in the Screening of Labeled Carbohydrates against Immobilized Proteins
摘要:
Carbohydrates play an important role in life processes, and combinatorial chemistry can provide useful sources of thousands of synthetic carbohydrates as potential ligands for biological receptors. To accelerate the detection of positive hits arising from specific interactions between a carbohydrate and a protein, the use of fluorescent dyes can serve as a reliable detecting tool. A study of labeled carbohydrates to lectins conjugated to a solid-support shows that succinimidyl 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoate (NBD-X) dye provides by far the lowest level of nonspecific interaction with immobilized protein. This observation is in stark contrast with the commonly used labeling reagents constituted of charged and aromatic groups, for instance, FITC and TAMRA dyes.
Investigation of Nonspecific Effects of Different Dyes in the Screening of Labeled Carbohydrates against Immobilized Proteins
摘要:
Carbohydrates play an important role in life processes, and combinatorial chemistry can provide useful sources of thousands of synthetic carbohydrates as potential ligands for biological receptors. To accelerate the detection of positive hits arising from specific interactions between a carbohydrate and a protein, the use of fluorescent dyes can serve as a reliable detecting tool. A study of labeled carbohydrates to lectins conjugated to a solid-support shows that succinimidyl 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoate (NBD-X) dye provides by far the lowest level of nonspecific interaction with immobilized protein. This observation is in stark contrast with the commonly used labeling reagents constituted of charged and aromatic groups, for instance, FITC and TAMRA dyes.
This study describes the design and synthesis of five TF-based cancer vaccine candidates using a lipid A mimetic as the carrier and a built-in adjuvant. All synthesized conjugates elicited robust and consistent TF-specific immune responses in mice without external adjuvants. Immunological studies subsequently conducted in wild-type and TLR4 knockout C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that the activation of
本研究描述了五种基于 TF 的癌症候选疫苗的设计和合成,使用脂质 A 模拟物作为载体和内置佐剂。所有合成的缀合物在没有外部佐剂的情况下都能在小鼠体内引发强烈且一致的 TF 特异性免疫反应。随后在野生型和 TLR4 敲除 C57BL/6 小鼠中进行的免疫学研究表明,TLR4 的激活是合成的脂质 A 模拟物增加 TF 特异性免疫反应的主要原因。所有由这些缀合物诱导的抗血清都可以特异性识别、结合并诱导 TF 阳性癌细胞的裂解。此外,代表性结合物2和3能够有效减少体内肿瘤的生长,延长小鼠的生存时间,且疗效优于明矾佐剂的糖蛋白TF-CRM197。因此,脂质 A 模拟物可能成为开发具有自我辅助特性的新型碳水化合物疫苗载体的有前途的平台,用于治疗癌症。