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vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide | 25486-55-9

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide
英文别名
phylloquinone epoxide;(2Ξ,3Ξ)-2,3-epoxy-2-methyl-3-((7R,11R)-trans-phytyl)-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]naphthoquinone;(2Ξ,3Ξ)-2,3-Epoxy-2-methyl-3-((7R,11R)-trans-phytyl)-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]naphthochinon;2,3-Epoxyphylloquinone;7a-methyl-1a-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphtho[2,3-b]oxirene-2,7-dione
vitamin K<sub>1</sub> 2,3 epoxide化学式
CAS
25486-55-9;85954-59-2;85955-78-8
化学式
C31H46O3
mdl
——
分子量
466.704
InChiKey
KUTXFBIHPWIDJQ-HBDFACPTSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 溶解度:
    可溶于氯仿(少量)、乙酸乙酯(少量)
  • 沸点:
    561.1±50.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.019±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    10.1
  • 重原子数:
    34
  • 可旋转键数:
    14
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.68
  • 拓扑面积:
    46.7
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    3

安全信息

  • WGK Germany:
    3

SDS

SDS:1de08804ddddd65027548021862987ac
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反应信息

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文献信息

  • Changes in phylloquinone epoxidase activity related to prothrombin synthesis and microsomal clotting activity in the rat
    作者:Allan K. Willingham、John T. Matschiner
    DOI:10.1042/bj1400435
    日期:1974.6.1

    The oxidation of phylloquinone to the 2,3-epoxide (by phylloquinone epoxidase) was studied in liver from control and warfarin-resistant rats. The reaction requires microsomal fraction, soluble protein, a heat-stable soluble factor and O2. It is not inhibited by CO or CN−. Epoxidase activity was stimulated if plasma prothrombin was lowered either by anticoagulants or the absence of vitamin K. The activity of the enzyme rapidly returned to normal values after the administration of vitamin K to hypoprothrombinaemic rats. These differences in the activity of the enzyme occur in the microsomal fraction and not the cytosol. A thrombin-generating polypeptide that accumulates in microsomal fraction of hypothrombinaemic rats correlated directly with epoxidase activity. These data support the view that enzymic interconversion of phylloquinone and its 2,3-epoxide participates in the biological activity of vitamin K.

    研究了来自正常和华法林抗性大鼠肝脏的叶酸醌氧化成2,3-环氧化物(通过叶酸醌环氧化酶)。该反应需要微粒体分数、可溶性蛋白质、热稳定的可溶性因子和氧气。它不受CO或CN-的抑制。如果通过抗凝剂或维生素K缺乏使血浆凝血酶原降低,环氧化酶活性会被刺激。在向低凝血酶原血症大鼠注射维生素K后,酶活性迅速恢复到正常值。这些酶活性的差异发生在微粒体分数而不是细胞质中。在低凝血酶原血症大鼠的微粒体分数中积累的生成凝血酶的多肽与环氧化酶活性直接相关。这些数据支持酶促互变的叶酸醌和其2,3-环氧化物参与维生素K的生物活性的观点。
  • Conserved Loop Cysteines of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1-like 1 (VKORC1L1) Are Involved in Its Active Site Regeneration
    作者:Jian-Ke Tie、Da-Yun Jin、Darrel W. Stafford
    DOI:10.1074/jbc.m113.534446
    日期:2014.3
    uniquely allows for active site regeneration by the conserved loop cysteines. Intermediate disulfide trapping results confirmed an intra-molecular electron transfer pathway for VKORC1L1's active site reduction. Our results allow us to propose a concerted action of the four conserved cysteines of VKORC1L1 for active site regeneration; the second loop cysteine, Cys-58, attacks the active site disulfide, forming
    维生素 K 环氧化物还原酶复合亚基 1 (VKORC1) 可还原维生素 K 循环中的维生素 K 环氧化物,以对参与各种生物功能的蛋白质进行翻译后修饰。然而,VKORC1-like 1 (VKORC1L1)(一种与 VKORC1 具有约 50% 蛋白质同一性的旁系同源酶)的生理功能尚不清楚。在这里,我们使用荧光蛋白酶保护 (FPP) 测定和基于细胞的体内活性测定确定了这两种酶的结构和功能差异。我们表明,体内 VKORC1L1 减少维生素 K 环氧化物以与 VKORC1 一样有效地支持维生素 K 依赖性羧化。然而,FPP 分析表明,与 VKORC1 不同,VKORC1L1 是一种四跨膜结构域蛋白,其两个末端都位于细胞质中。此外,保守的环半胱氨酸,VKORC1 活性不需要,对于 VKORC1L1 的活性位点再生至关重要。VKORC1L1 和 VKORC1 之间域交换的结果表明,正是 VKORC1L1
  • The Genetic Basis of Resistance to Anticoagulants in Rodents
    作者:Hans-Joachim Pelz、Simone Rost、Mirja Hünerberg、Andreas Fregin、Ann-Charlotte Heiberg、Kristof Baert、Alan D MacNicoll、Colin V Prescott、Anne-Sophie Walker、Johannes Oldenburg、Clemens R Müller
    DOI:10.1534/genetics.104.040360
    日期:2005.8.1
    Abstract

    Anticoagulant compounds, i.e., derivatives of either 4-hydroxycoumarin (e.g., warfarin, bromadiolone) or indane-1,3-dione (e.g., diphacinone, chlorophacinone), have been in worldwide use as rodenticides for &gt;50 years. These compounds inhibit blood coagulation by repression of the vitamin K reductase reaction (VKOR). Anticoagulant-resistant rodent populations have been reported from many countries and pose a considerable problem for pest control. Resistance is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait although, until recently, the basic genetic mutation was unknown. Here, we report on the identification of eight different mutations in the VKORC1 gene in resistant laboratory strains of brown rats and house mice and in wild-caught brown rats from various locations in Europe with five of these mutations affecting only two amino acids (Tyr139Cys, Tyr139Ser, Tyr139Phe and Leu128Gln, Leu128Ser). By recombinant expression of VKORC1 constructs in HEK293 cells we demonstrate that mutations at Tyr139 confer resistance to warfarin at variable degrees while the other mutations, in addition, dramatically reduce VKOR activity. Our data strongly argue for at least seven independent mutation events in brown rats and two in mice. They suggest that mutations in VKORC1 are the genetic basis of anticoagulant resistance in wild populations of rodents, although the mutations alone do not explain all aspects of resistance that have been reported. We hypothesize that these mutations, apart from generating structural changes in the VKORC1 protein, may induce compensatory mechanisms to maintain blood clotting. Our findings provide the basis for a DNA-based field monitoring of anticoagulant resistance in rodents.

    摘要

    抗凝血化合物,即4-羟基香豆素(例如华法林、溴乙酰胺)或1,3-茚二酮(例如地非辛酮、氯非辛酮)的衍生物,已经在全球使用超过50年作为杀鼠剂。这些化合物通过抑制维生素K还原酶反应(VKOR)来抑制血液凝固。抗凝血剂耐药的啮齿动物种群已经在许多国家报告,并对害虫控制构成了重大问题。耐药性以常染色体显性遗传,尽管直到最近,基本的遗传突变还不清楚。在这里,我们报道了VKORC1基因中8种不同突变体在耐药实验室品系的棕色大鼠和家鼠以及欧洲各地捕获的野生棕色大鼠中的发现,其中5种突变只影响两个氨基酸(Tyr139Cys、Tyr139Ser、Tyr139Phe和Leu128Gln、Leu128Ser)。通过在HEK293细胞中重组表达VKORC1构建物,我们证明Tyr139处的突变体在不同程度上对华法林具有耐药性,而其他突变体则显著降低了VKOR活性。我们的数据强烈支持棕色大鼠至少发生了七次独立的突变事件,而家鼠则发生了两次。它们表明VKORC1的突变是啮齿动物野生种群抗凝血剂耐药性的遗传基础,尽管这些突变本身并不能解释所有已报道的耐药性方面。我们假设这些突变除了在VKORC1蛋白中生成结构变化外,还可能诱导代偿机制来维持血凝。我们的发现为基于DNA的野外监测啮齿动物抗凝血剂耐药性提供了基础。

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of coumarin-type anticoagulant-sensitive VKORC1
    作者:Simone Rost、Andreas Fregin、Mirja Hünerberg、Carville G. Bevans、Clemens R. Müller、Johannes Oldenburg
    DOI:10.1160/th05-02-0082
    日期:——
    Summary

    Coumarin and homologous compounds are the most widely used anticoagulant drugs worldwide. They function as antagonists of vitamin K, an essential cofactor for the posttranslational γ-glutamyl carboxylation of the so-called vitamin K-dependent proteins. As vitamin K hydroquinone is converted to vitamin K epoxide (VKO) in every carboxylation step, the epoxide has to be recycled to the reduced form by the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex (VKOR). Recently, a single coumarin-sensitive protein of the putativeVKOR enzyme complex was identified in humans (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1, VKORC1). Mutations inVKORC1 result in two different phenotypes: warfarin resistance (WR) and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2 (VKCFD2). Here, we report on the expression of site-directed VKORC1 mutants, addressing possible structural and functional roles of all seven cysteine residues (Cys16, Cys43, Cys51, Cys85, Cys96, Cys132, Cys135), the highly conserved residue Ser/Thr57, and Arg98, known to cause VKCFD2 in humans. Our results support the hypothesis that the C132-X-X-C135 motif inVKORC1 comprises part of the redox active site that catalyzes VKO reduction and also suggest a crucial role for the hydrophobicThr-Tyr-Ala motif in coumarin binding. Furthermore, our results support the concept that different structural components of VKORC1 define the binding sites for vitamin K epoxide and coumarin.

    摘要香豆素和同族化合物是全球使用最广泛的抗凝血药物。它们是维生素 K 的拮抗剂,而维生素 K 是所谓的维生素 K 依赖性蛋白质翻译后 γ-谷氨酰羧化的重要辅助因子。由于维生素 K 对苯二酚在每个羧化步骤中都会转化为维生素 K 环氧化物(VKO),因此环氧化物必须通过维生素 K 环氧化物还原酶复合物(VKOR)还原成还原形式。最近,在人类中发现了一种对香豆素敏感的假定 VKOR 酶复合物蛋白(维生素 K 环氧化物还原酶复合物亚基 1,VKORC1)。VKORC1 基因突变会导致两种不同的表型:华法林抗性(WR)和多重凝血因子缺乏症 2 型(VKCFD2)。在此,我们报告了位点定向 VKORC1 突变体的表达,探讨了所有七个半胱氨酸残基(Cys16、Cys43、Cys51、Cys85、Cys96、Cys132、Cys135)、高度保守的残基 Ser/Thr57 和 Arg98 可能的结构和功能作用,已知这些残基会导致人类 VKCFD2。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设,即 VKORC1 中的 C132-X-X-C135 矩阵是催化 VKO 还原的氧化还原活性位点的一部分,同时也表明疏水性的 Thr-Tyr-Ala 矩阵在香豆素结合中起着关键作用。此外,我们的研究结果还支持这样一种观点,即 VKORC1 的不同结构成分决定了维生素 K 环氧化物和香豆素的结合位点。
  • A quantum chemical study of the mechanism of action of Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)
    作者:Charles H. Davis、David Deerfield、Troy Wymore、Darrel W. Stafford、Lee G. Pedersen
    DOI:10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.10.005
    日期:2007.9
    is generated for the Silverman mechanism [R.B. Silverman, Chemical model studies for the mechanism of Vitamin K epoxide reductase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 (1981) 5939-5941] of action for Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) using quantum mechanical methods (B3LYP/6-311G**). VKOR, an essential enzyme in mammalian systems, acts to convert Vitamin K epoxide, formed by Vitamin K carboxylase, to its (initial)
    针对Silverman机理[RB Silverman,针对维生素K环氧还原酶的机理的化学模型研究,J。Am。化学 Soc。103(1981)5939-5941]使用量子力学方法(B3LYP / 6-311G **)对维生素K环氧还原酶(VKOR)的作用。VKOR是哺乳动物系统中必不可少的酶,其作用是将由维生素K羧化酶形成的维生素K环氧化物转化为(初始)醌形式,以供细胞再利用。这项研究详细阐述了以前专注于VKOR热力学的工作[DW Deerfield II,CH Davis,T。Wymore,DW Stafford,LG Pedersen,Int.。J.Quant。化学 106(2006)2944-2952]。该机制中拟议的模型中间体和过渡态的几何形状经过能量优化。我们发现,一旦关键的二硫键断裂,反应在很大程度上进行了下坡。环氧化物转换回醌形式的重要步骤涉及环氧化物氧的初始质子化。我们发现,
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