Glucuronidation of Psilocin and 4-Hydroxyindole by the Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases
作者:Nenad Manevski、Mika Kurkela、Camilla Höglund、Timo Mauriala、Michael H. Court、Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma、Moshe Finel
DOI:10.1124/dmd.109.031138
日期:2010.3
We have examined the glucuronidation of psilocin, a hallucinogenic indole alkaloid, by the 19 recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) of subfamilies 1A, 2A, and 2B. The glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyindole, a related indole that lacks the N,N -dimethylaminoethyl side chain, was studied as well. UGT1A10 exhibited the highest psilocin glucuronidation activity, whereas the activities of UGTs 1A9, 1A8, 1A7, and 1A6 were significantly lower. On the other hand, UGT1A6 was by far the most active enzyme mediating 4-hydroxyindole glucuronidation, whereas the activities of UGTs 1A7–1A10 toward 4-hydroxyindole resembled their respective psilocin glucuronidation rates. Psilocin glucuronidation by UGT1A10 followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in which psilocin is a low-affinity high-turnover substrate ( K m = 3.8 mM; V max = 2.5 nmol/min/mg). The kinetics of psilocin glucuronidation by UGT1A9 was more complex and may be best described by biphasic kinetics with both intermediate ( K m1 = 1.0 mM) and very low affinity components. The glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyindole by UGT1A6 exhibited higher affinity ( K m = 178 μM) and strong substrate inhibition. Experiments with human liver and intestinal microsomes (HLM and HIM, respectively) revealed similar psilocin glucuronidation activity in both samples, but a much higher 4-hydroxyindole glucuronidation rate was found in HLM versus HIM. The expression levels of UGTs 1A6–1A10 in different tissues were studied by quantitative real-time-PCR, and the results, together with the activity assays findings, suggest that whereas psilocin may be subjected to extensive glucuronidation by UGT1A10 in the small intestine, UGT1A9 is likely the main contributor to its glucuronidation once it has been absorbed into the circulation.
我们研究了 19 个重组人 UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGTs)1A、2A 和 2B 亚家族对致幻吲哚生物碱--西洛金的葡萄糖醛酸化作用。此外,还研究了缺乏 N,N-二甲基氨基乙基侧链的相关吲哚--4-羟基吲哚的葡萄糖醛酸化作用。UGT1A10 的西洛新葡糖醛酸化活性最高,而 UGT1A9、1A8、1A7 和 1A6 的活性则明显较低。另一方面,UGT1A6 是迄今为止介导 4- 羟基吲哚葡萄糖醛酸化活性最高的酶,而 UGTs 1A7-1A10 对 4- 羟基吲哚的活性与它们各自的西洛辛葡萄糖醛酸化率相似。UGT1A10 的茜洛辛葡糖醛酸化作用遵循 Michaelis-Menten 动力学,其中茜洛辛是一种低亲和力、高周转的底物(K m = 3.8 mM;V max = 2.5 nmol/min/mg)。UGT1A9 对 psilocin 葡萄糖醛酸化作用的动力学过程更为复杂,用双相动力学来描述最为恰当,其中既有中间成分(K m1 = 1.0 mM),也有亲和力极低的成分。UGT1A6 对 4- 羟基吲哚的葡萄糖醛酸化作用表现出较高的亲和力(K m = 178 μM)和较强的底物抑制作用。用人肝脏微粒体和肠道微粒体(分别为 HLM 和 HIM)进行的实验显示,两种样本中的西洛金葡糖醛酸化活性相似,但 HLM 和 HIM 中的 4-羟基吲哚葡糖醛酸化率要高得多。通过实时定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time-PCR)研究了 UGTs 1A6-1A10 在不同组织中的表达水平,研究结果与活性测定结果表明,虽然西洛辛在小肠中可能会被 UGT1A10 进行广泛的葡萄糖醛酸化反应,但当其被吸收进入血液循环后,UGT1A9 可能是其葡萄糖醛酸化反应的主要贡献者。