Transkarbams as transdermal permeation enhancers: Effects of ester position and ammonium carbamate formation
摘要:
Transkarbam 12, an ammonium carbamate formed by the reaction of dodecyl 6-aminohexanoate with carbon dioxide, is a highly active, broad-spectrum, nontoxic, and nonirritant transdermal permeation enhancer. It probably acts by a dual mechanism: a part of its activity is associated with the carbamic acid salt and/or its decomposition in the acidic stratum corneum. The ammonium ester thereby released is an active enhancer species as well, and its activity highly depends on the position of the ester group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermodynamics of protonation of amino acid carboxylate groups from 50 to 125�C
作者:Peiming Wang、John L. Oscarson、Sue E. Gillespie、Reed M. Izatt、Hongjie Cao
DOI:10.1007/bf00972523
日期:1996.3
4-aminobutyric acid, and 6-aminocaproic acid with protons in aqueoussolutionsfrom 323.15 K to 398.15 K and at 1.52 MPa. LogK, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔCp° for the protonation of the carboxylate groups of these amino acids have been obtained at each temperature studied. Equations are given expressing these values as functions of temperature. The protonation reactions are exothermic at lower temperatures and
流动量热法已用于研究甘氨酸、DL-α-丙氨酸、DL-2-氨基丁酸、β-丙氨酸、4-氨基丁酸和 6-氨基己酸与 323.15 K 至 398.15 K 水溶液中质子的相互作用和在 1.52 兆帕。已在所研究的每个温度下获得了这些氨基酸的羧酸根基团质子化的 LogK、ΔH°、ΔS° 和 ΔCp°。给出了将这些值表示为温度函数的方程。质子化反应在较低温度下是放热的,并随着温度升高而吸热。logK、ΔH° 和 ΔS° 值在所研究的 α-氨基酸(即甘氨酸、DL-α-丙氨酸和 2-氨基丁酸)质子化的温度范围内接近。在每个温度下,这些热力学量的大小随着氨基和羧酸根之间的亚甲基数量的增加而增加。发现羧基质子化的 ΔCp° 值介于等库伦反应和电荷还原反应之间。在 323.15 K 时,羧酸盐基团的质子化反应具有更大的 ΔCp° 值,接近与电荷还原反应相关的那些值。随着温度升高,ΔCp° 降低并接近等库伦反应
A practical synthesis of free and protected guanidino acids from amino acids
作者:Bansi Lal、A.K. Gangopadhyay
DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(96)00299-7
日期:1996.4
Synthesis of protected guanidinoacids in one pot reaction is achieved. Aminoacids are treated with trimethylsilyl chloride, triethylamine, dicarbobenzoxy-S-methyl isothiourea in dichloromethane followed by removal of silyl group by treatment with methanol to give the corresponding carbobenzoxy guanidinoacids.
preferable for expression of potent analgesicactivity, and that the free carboxyl group is superior in its analgesicactivity to that of the esterified or amidated carboxy group at the C-terminal. In addition, N-methylation of the amide bond at the 4th position contributed to improved analgesicactivity. These results indicated that the strong and long-lasting analgesic effect of ADAMB is expressed by
[EN] FORMYLATED N-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AS FGFR4 INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS N-HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES FORMYLÉS UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE FGFR4
申请人:NOVARTIS AG
公开号:WO2016151499A1
公开(公告)日:2016-09-29
The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (I) a method for manufacturing said compound, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound.
Synthesis and bactericidal activity of amino acid higher ester hydrochlorides
作者:V. E. Limanov、I. R. Svitova、T. B. Kruchenok、I. M. Tsvirova、L. A. Yaroslavskaya
DOI:10.1007/bf00773019
日期:1984.10
been described by the reaction of cesium salts of amino acids with higher alkyl halides [14]. Instead of hydrogen chloride, it was proposed to use strong cation exchangers [ii], and also chlorosulfonic acid [8] as catalysts. It was found that amino acid higher ester hydrochlorides can also be obtained by treating a suspension of an amino acid in alcohol with thionylchloride, phosphorus trichloride
目前工作的目的是在阳离子SAA中寻找有效的微毒杀菌剂。为了研究,我们选择了氨基酸的高级酯的盐酸盐。我们假设这些化合物对温血动物的毒性比其他阳离子 SAA 低,因为合成它们的原料氨基酸比用于制备烷基胺盐和相应季铵化合物的胺毒性小得多。我们已经证明这些化合物具有抗微生物活性,尤其是对于 γ 阳性微生物 [2, 4]。根据[3, 5]的数据,作为杀菌剂,最令人感兴趣的是缬氨酸、β-丙氨酸、B-氨基丁酸和赖氨酸的月桂酸酯的盐酸盐。它们的制备方法非常不完善。已经描述了通过氨基酸盐酸盐与高级醇反应合成氨基酸酯盐酸盐。结果表明,直接酯化只能得到甘氨酸高级酯盐酸盐,并提出通过氨基酸低级酯盐酸盐与高级醇的酯交换反应制备其他氨基酸的衍生物[12]。这些化合物 I 的合成方法已通过氨基酸的铯盐与高级烷基卤化物的反应进行了描述 [14]。建议使用强阳离子交换剂 [ii] 和氯磺酸 [8] 作为催化剂,而不是氯化氢