硅铝磷酸盐的催化性能取决于它们的酸度和扩散特性,而有机结构导向剂 (OSDA) 可以改变其对结晶的主导作用。通常,胺在水性介质中的溶解度是判断其是否适合作为沸石水热合成中的OSDA的重要因素。这项工作表明,一个疏水性分子,三Ñ -heptylamine,可以使用作为用于分级多孔SAPO-31的两相甲苯/水介质合成中的OSDA。它不仅提供了一种合成沸石的新方法,而且提供了一种简单、廉价且无致孔剂的途径来生成分层 SAPO。该合成允许操纵n Si /(n Al + n P + n Si ) 比率从 0.02 到 0.13,形态特征没有明显变化。通过结合XRD、SEM/TEM、N 2物理吸附和27 Al、31 P 和29 Si MAS NMR 光谱揭示自组装的纳米晶体结构,并用NH 3 -IR测量酸度。n 中的催化评价-十二烷加氢异构化表明异构体产率取决于催化剂的酸中心密度,应避免弱酸强度和高酸
USE OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS QUATERNISED WITH ALKYLENE OXIDE AND HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:US20160130514A1
公开(公告)日:2016-05-12
The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.
A process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a tertiary amine (I) and a catalyst at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C., wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising gold.
The present invention provides, inter alia, a process for producing a compound of formula (I)) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1. The present invention further provides intermediate compounds utilised in said process, and methods for producing said intermediate compounds.