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硝基丙烷 | 108-03-2

中文名称
硝基丙烷
中文别名
1-硝基丙烷
英文名称
1-Nitropropane
英文别名
Nitropropane
硝基丙烷化学式
CAS
108-03-2;25322-01-4
化学式
C3H7NO2
mdl
——
分子量
89.0941
InChiKey
JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -108 °C
  • 沸点:
    132 °C
  • 密度:
    0.998 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    3.1 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    93 °F
  • 溶解度:
    14g/l
  • 暴露限值:
    NIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3), IDLH 1,000 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 25 ppm (adopted).
  • 介电常数:
    23.239999999999998
  • LogP:
    0.79 at 22℃
  • 物理描述:
    1-nitropropane appears as a colorless oily flammable liquid. Density about the same as water. Vapors much heavier than air. Vapors may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are released during combustion. Used as a propellant and as a solvent.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Liquid
  • 气味:
    Somewhat disagreeable odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    3.06 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1.01X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/
  • 亨利常数:
    8.70e-05 atm-m3/mole
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    4.40e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  • 自燃温度:
    421 °C
  • 分解:
    Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • 粘度:
    0.790 cP at 25 °C
  • 燃烧热:
    481.363 Kcal/mol at 25 °C
  • 汽化热:
    10.37 Kcal//mol at 25 °C
  • 表面张力:
    30.64 dyne/cm at 20 °C
  • 电离电位:
    10.81 eV
  • 气味阈值:
    The AIHA Hygienic Guide states that the odor (of nitropropane) is detectable at 300 ppm but not at 80 ppm.
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.4018 at 20 °C/D
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 8.98
  • 相对蒸发率:
    0.71 (Butyl acetate = 1)
  • 保留指数:
    702.1;702.42;702.92;703.52;704.26;705.13;706.13;707.16;708.43;709.77;711.18;709.97;724;710;724;712;723;724;724;707;708;710;711;711;712;706;709;711;711;712;712;715;686;708;708;725;707;725

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.9
  • 重原子数:
    6
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    45.8
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

代谢
它可以通过胃肠和肺部吸收,并以硝酸盐的形式通过尿液排出,这些硝酸盐是由代谢产生的亚硝酸盐离子氧化而来,部分则未经改变随呼吸排出。
It can be absorbed by GI tract and by lungs, and excretion takes place in urine in form of nitrate, oxidized from the nitrite ions which are the product of its metabolism, and part expired unchanged.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
1-硝基丙烷是肝脏微粒体细胞色素P-450依赖的混合功能氧化酶系统的底物。通过安非他酮诱导的大鼠微粒体对1-硝基丙烷进行氧化脱硝,其速率为0.6纳米摩尔/分钟/毫克蛋白质。这个速率比2-硝基丙烷的代谢速率要慢得多,后者在2.4纳米摩尔/分钟/毫克微粒体蛋白的速率下被代谢。细胞色素P-450系统在体内对1-硝基丙烷代谢的作用尚不清楚。...从用1-硝基丙烷给药的兔尿中分离出少量巯基酸代谢物。
1-Nitropropane is a substrate for the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed-function oxidase system. Oxidative denitrification of 1-nitropropane by phenobarbital-induced rat microsomes occurred at a rate of 0.6 nmole/min/mg protein. This rate was much slower than for 2-nitropropane which was metabolized at 2.4 nmole/min/mg microsomal protein. The role of cytochrome P-450 system in vivo in 1-nitropropane metabolism is unknown. ...A small amount of a mercapturic acid metabolite /was isolated/ from the urine of rabbits dosed with 1-nitropropane.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:1-硝基丙烷(1-NP)是一种无色液体。1-NP用作火箭推进剂、汽油添加剂,也用于化学合成。人体研究:在1-NP浓度为20至45 ppm的浸泡过程中,男性出现了厌食、恶心、呕吐、间歇性腹泻和头痛。此外,据报道,1-NP浓度超过100 ppm会导致人体眼睛刺激。动物研究:1-NP浓度为5,000 ppm,暴露3小时后导致兔子和豚鼠死亡。然而,浓度为10,000 ppm,暴露1小时并未致命。1-NP暴露的迹象包括结膜刺激、流泪、呼吸缓慢伴有啰音、不协调、共济失调和虚弱。大鼠每周三次以1 mmol/kg体重的剂量处理1-NP,持续16周,体重仅略有下降,治疗结束后的26周内体重恢复。在这些大鼠中观察到一颗良性肝脏肿瘤。还观察到肝脏毒性症状。关于1-NP在沙门氏菌typhimurium(Ames试验)中的致突变活性已经进行了大量研究。在没有或加入各种微粒体代谢激活系统的多种沙门氏菌typhimurium菌株中,1-NP并未表现出致突变性。还研究了1-NP在来自人类、小鼠、仓鼠和大鼠的多种哺乳动物细胞系中DNA修复合成的影响,但1-NP并未表现出活性。另一项研究检查了具有细胞色素P450代谢能力的肝细胞系与缺乏这种能力的V79细胞。1-NP在肝细胞系中完全不活跃,但在V79细胞中确实诱导了突变和微核。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Nitropropane (1-NP) is a colorless liquid. 1-NP is used as a rocket propellant, gasoline additive, and in chemical syntheses. HUMAN STUDIES: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and intermittent diarrhea and headaches occurred in men exposed at 20 to 45 ppm of 1-NP during a dipping processes. Additionally, human exposure to 1-NP concentrations exceeding 100 ppm reportedly causes eye irritation in humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposures at 5,000 ppm of 1-NP for 3 hr killed rabbits and guinea pigs. However, concentration of 10,000 ppm for 1 hr was not lethal. Signs of 1-NP exposure included conjunctival irritation, lacrimation, slow respiration with some rales, incoordination, ataxia, and weakness. Rats treated with 1-NP at 1 mmol/kg bw three times per week for 16 weeks had only slightly reduced body weight, and after 26 weeks (termination of treatment), they regained their body weight. One benign liver tumor was observed in these rats. Hepatotoxic symptoms were also observed. There have been numerous studies on the mutagenic activity of 1-NP in Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test). 1-NP was not mutagenic in multiple strains of S. typhimurium with or without the addition of various microsomal metabolic activating systems. The effects of DNA repair synthesis were also studied in numerous mammalian cell lines derived from humans, mice, hamsters, and rats, but 1-NP was not active. An additional study examined liver cell lines that possess cytochrome P450 metabolic capability versus V79 cells that lack this capability. 1-NP was completely inactive in the liver cell lines but did induce mutations and micronuclei in V79 cells.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A4;不可归类为人类致癌物。
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入,吞食,皮肤和/或眼睛接触
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
毒理性
  • 症状
眼睛刺激;头痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻;在动物中:肝、肾损害
irritation eyes; headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; In Animals: liver, kidney damage
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
吸收、分配和排泄
它可以通过胃肠和肺部吸收,并以硝酸盐的形式从尿液中排出,硝酸盐是由代谢产生的亚硝酸盐离子氧化而成,部分未改变从呼吸中排出。没有证据表明可以通过皮肤吸收。
It can be absorbed by GI tract and by lungs, and excretion takes place in urine in the form of the nitrate, oxidized from the nitrite ions which are the product of its metabolism, and part expired unchanged. There is no evidence of absorption from skin.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    A
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 25 ppm (90 mg/m3)
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    1,000 ppm
  • 危险品标志:
    Xn
  • 安全说明:
    S9
  • 危险类别码:
    R20/21/22,R10
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    29042000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2608 3/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    TZ5075000
  • 包装等级:
    III

SDS

SDS:fdf08b00b9593bdb847f52d35812d6d5
查看

制备方法与用途

化学性质

无色液体,带有类似氯仿的气味。熔点为-103.99℃,沸点为131.18℃,相对密度在20/4℃时为1.001,折射率为1.4016,闪点(闭杯)为49℃,燃点为419℃。与水共沸物中硝基丙烷含量为63.5%,共沸点为91.63℃。它能与空气形成爆炸性混合物,爆炸极限为2.6%(体积)。硝基丙烷能与醇、醚等有机溶剂混溶,并且微溶于水。

用途

主要用作溶剂和中间体,喷气发动机燃料以及喷雾剂等。作为溶剂时,它对醇、酮、醚、酯、染料、油脂、蜡、树脂、合成橡胶均有很强的溶解力。与酒精并用是乙酸纤维的强力溶剂;与酒精、芒烃并用可代替氯化烃类溶剂溶解三乙酸纤维。作为低温溶剂可以溶解氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯的共聚物,还可用于溶解硝酸纤维。

此外,硝基丙烷还可用作胺类、羟胺类、硝基羟基化合物、氯化硝基烷烃等化工产品的中间体。例如,在硫酸存在下,硝基丙烷与甲烷水解可得硫酸羟胺和丙酸。在医药工业中用于生产抗结核药盐酸乙胺丁酯。

生产方法
  1. 硝化丙烷:先将丙烷预热至430-450℃,然后引入内衬玻璃或二氧化硅的反应塔。向内部喷注75%硝酸,调节反应温度为390-440℃,压力为0.69-0.86MPa,并保持摩尔比为5:1。气体通过冷凝器冷却后,硝基丙烷与稀硝酸即被分离,而丙烷和气态氧化物则回收利用。该方法可得到硝基甲烷(10%-30%)、硝基乙烷(20%-25%)、1-硝基丙烷(25%)和2-硝基丙烷(40%)。此过程也可使用丙烯进行。

  2. 其他生产途径:可通过不饱和烃的气相或液相硝化,或者饱和烃的液相硝化制得硝基丙烷。

类别

易燃液体

毒性分级

高毒

急性毒性

口服-大鼠 LD50: 455 毫克/公斤

刺激数据

眼睛-人:150 ppm/15 分钟

爆炸物危险特性

与空气混合可爆炸

可燃性危险特性

易燃;高温下释放有毒氧化氮气体

储运特性

库房需通风低温干燥,应与氧化剂分开储运

灭火剂

干粉、二氧化碳、砂土

职业标准

时间加权平均容许浓度(TWA)90 毫克/立方米;短时间接触容许浓度(STEL)150 毫克/立方米

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    硝基丙烷正丁基锂 、 hexane 2. MoO5.Pyr.HMPA 、 三乙胺 作用下, 生成 丙酸
    参考文献:
    名称:
    从硝基到羰基的新转化
    摘要:
    通过用碱和MoO 5 ·Pyr·HMPA处理将硝基化合物转化为相应的羰基化合物。
    DOI:
    10.1016/s0040-4039(01)92468-2
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    丙烷硝酸 作用下, 生成 硝基丙烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Drug Therapy and Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study Cohort
    摘要:
    研究目标:检查常用药物与勃起功能障碍(ED)在两个时间点的关联。 设计:基于人群的横断面调查分析。 参与者:从马萨诸塞州男性衰老研究(MMAS)中随机选取的男性队列,包括1476名男性作为基线(1987-1989年)和922名男性用于后续分析(1995-1997年)。 干预:通过卡方统计分析特定药物类别之间的粗略关联。使用逻辑回归分析来区分药物效应与心脏病、高血压、未治疗糖尿病或抑郁症状的影响。 测量和主要结果:在MMAS中,通过家庭访问访谈收集病史、当前药物使用情况和勃起功能状态。在未调整分析中,噻嗪类和非噻嗪类利尿剂、β-阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、Angiotensin转化酶抑制剂、苯二氮平、洋地黄、硝酸盐、3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂和组胺H2受体拮抗剂与已存在的ED相关。调整合并症和健康行为后,这些关联减弱,仅非噻嗪类利尿剂和苯二氮平的统计显著性仍然存在。 结论:一些常用药物可能增加ED的发生率;然而,需要来自更大人群的额外数据,以确定这些关联是否独立于潜在健康状况,并探索剂量和使用持续时间的影响。
    DOI:
    10.1592/phco.21.7.676.34571
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    吲哚 、 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate溶剂黄146硝基丙烷三氯氧磷 作用下, 反应 18.0h, 生成 3-氰基吲哚
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Syntheses and cytotoxicity evaluation of bis(indolyl)thiazole, bis(indolyl)pyrazinone and bis(indolyl)pyrazine: analogues of cytotoxic marine bis(indole) alkaloid
    摘要:
    2,4-Bis(3'-indolyl)thiazoles, 3,5-bis(3'-indolyl)-2(1H)pyrazinone and 3,6-bis(3'-indolyl)pyrazine were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against diverse human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute. These compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects in the growth of a range of cancer cell lines. 2,4-Bis(3'-indolyl)thiazole displayed selective cytotoxicity against certain leukemia cell lines with GI(50) values in the low micromolar range while the substituted derivatives showed a broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity. 3,5-Bis(3'-indolyl)-2(1H)pyrazinone and 3,6-bis[3'-(N-methyl-indolyl)]pyrazine possessed strong inhibitory activity against a wide range of human tumor cell lines. The mechanism of action remained unknown. The results suggested that 2,4-bis(3'-indolyl)thiazoles, 3,5-bis(3'-indolyl)-2(1H)pyrazinone and 3,6-bis[3'-(N-methyl-indolyl)] pyrazine offer potential as lead compounds for the discovery of anticancer agents. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI:
    10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00290-4
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文献信息

  • A General Carbazole Synthesis via Stitching of Indole–Ynones with Nitromethanes: Application to Total Synthesis of Carbazomycin A, Calothrixin B, and Staurosporinone
    作者:Shweta Singh、Ramesh Samineni、Srihari Pabbaraja、Goverdhan Mehta
    DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01111
    日期:2019.5.3
    functionalized carbazole frameworks (28 examples). The scope of this new benzannulation has been extended to variants like 2-chloroindole-3-ynones to eventuate in chemo-differentiated 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted carbazoles with retention of the nitro group. The efficacy of this strategy has been demonstrated through concise total synthesis of natural products, viz. carbazomycin A, calothrixin B, and staurosporinone
    已经探索了吲哚-3-炔酮和各种硝基甲烷衍生物之间的新的一锅多米诺苯甲环化反应,以广泛进入功能不同的咔唑骨架(28个例子)。这种新的苯并环的作用范围已扩展至诸如2-氯吲哚-3-炔酮之类的变体,从而最终在化学上分化后的1,2,3,4-四取代咔唑中保留了硝基。该策略的功效已通过天然产物的简明全合成证明。卡巴霉素A,杯速霉素B和星形孢菌素(K252c)。
  • [EN] BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DES PROTÉINES
    申请人:NEUROPORE THERAPIES INC
    公开号:WO2017020010A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-02-02
    The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto- temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.
    本发明涉及某些双杂环芳基化合物,含有它们的药物组合物,以及使用它们的方法,包括用于预防、逆转、减缓或抑制蛋白聚集的方法,以及治疗与蛋白聚集相关的疾病的方法,包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、路易体病、帕金森病伴痴呆、额颞型痴呆、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化和多系统萎缩等神经退行性疾病,以及包括黑色素瘤在内的癌症。
  • Application of Silicon-Initiated Water Splitting for the Reduction of Organic Substrates
    作者:Ashot Gevorgyan、Satenik Mkrtchyan、Tatevik Grigoryan、Viktor O. Iaroshenko
    DOI:10.1002/cplu.201800131
    日期:2018.5
    several important classes of organic compounds is described. It is found that the reductive water splitting can be promoted by several metalloids among which silicon shows the best efficiency. The developed methodologies were applied for the reduction of nitro compounds, N-oxides, sulfoxides, alkenes, alkynes, hydrodehalogenation as well as for the gram-scale synthesis of several substrates of industrial
    描述了使用水作为氢的供体,其适合于还原几种重要类别的有机化合物。发现还原水分解可以通过几种准金属来促进,其中硅显示出最佳的效率。所开发的方法学被用于还原硝基化合物,N-氧化物,亚砜,烯烃,炔烃,加氢脱卤作用以及几种工业上具有重要意义的底物的克级合成。
  • [EN] NOVEL DIHYDROQUINOLIZINONES FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION<br/>[FR] NOUVELLES DIHYDROQUINOLIZINONES POUR LE TRAITEMENT ET LA PROPHYLAXIE D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE B
    申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
    公开号:WO2015173164A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-11-19
    The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, X and Y are as described in the description and in the claims, as well as or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or enantiomers, or diastereomers thereof. The invention also contains compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.
    该发明提供了具有以下一般式的新化合物:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、X和Y如描述和权利要求中所述,以及其药学上可接受的盐,或对映体,或非对映异构体。该发明还包括包括这些化合物的组合物和使用这些化合物的方法。
  • One-pot synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles from nitro compounds and 2,5-hexadione over a heterogeneous cobalt catalyst
    作者:Zheng Gong、Yu Lei、Peng Zhou、Zehui Zhang
    DOI:10.1039/c7nj01898c
    日期:——
    study, the one-pot heterocyclization of nitro compounds with 2,5-hexadione was studied for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles via a Paal–Knorr condensation process. The heterogeneous cobalt–nitrogen catalyst (Co–Nx/C-800-AT) was found to be active for this reaction with formic acid. Formic acid served as a hydrogen donor for the transfer hydrogenation, and also acted as an acid catalyst. More importantly
    在这项研究中,研究了通过Paal–Knorr缩合过程将硝基化合物与2,5-己二酮进行一锅法杂环合成N-取代的吡咯。发现多相钴-氮催化剂(Co-N x / C-800-AT)在与甲酸的该反应中具有活性。甲酸用作转移加氢的氢供体,也用作酸催化剂。更重要的是,该方法对其他官能团具有耐受性,因此以高至优异的产率制备了各种N-取代的吡咯。Co-N x / C-800-AT催化剂非常稳定,可以重复使用几次而不会损失其催化活性。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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mass
cnmr
ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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