2-氯联苯 | 2051-60-7

• 物质功能分类: 分析化学 - 食品安全 - 二噁英，多氯联苯，呋喃
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 2-氯联苯
• 中文别名: 2-氯联苯醚；正己酸酐
• 英文名称: 2-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl
• 英文别名: 2-Chlorobiphenyl；2-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl；1-chloro-2-phenylbenzene
• CAS: 2051-60-7
• 化学式: C₁₂H₉Cl
• mdl: MFCD00013626
• 分子量: 188.656
• InChiKey: LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  32-34
• 沸点：
  274℃
• 密度：
  1.1499 g/cm3 (32.5 ºC)
• 溶解度：
  可溶于氯仿、DMSO（微溶）、甲醇（微溶）
• 蒸汽压力：
  0.00 mmHg
• 亨利常数：
  7.36e-04 atm-m3/mole
• 大气OH速率常数：
  2.82e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
• 保留指数：
  1465;1508;1485;1461;1494;1480.6
• 稳定性/保质期：
  稳定存储，但不兼容强氧化剂。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.5
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

多氯联苯(PCBs)通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触途径被吸收。它们在血液中传输，通常与白蛋白结合。由于它们的亲脂性，它们倾向于在富含脂质的组织中积累，如肝脏、脂肪组织和皮肤。多氯联苯的代谢非常缓慢，并且根据氯化的程度和位置而有所不同。多氯联苯通过微粒体单加氧酶系统进行代谢，该系统由细胞色素P-450酶催化，转化为极性代谢物，这些代谢物可以与谷胱甘肽和葡萄糖醛酸结合。主要代谢物是羟基化产物，通过胆汁和粪便排出。多氯联苯的缓慢代谢意味着它们倾向于在身体组织中积累。(L4, T6)

PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (L4, T6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

PCB的作用机制因具体类型而异。类二噁烷PCB通过结合芳基烃受体，通过改变基因的转录来扰乱细胞功能，主要是通过诱导肝脏第一阶段和第二阶段酶的表达，特别是细胞色素P450家族。PCB的大多数毒性效应被认为是由Ah受体结合的结果。其他PCB被认为会干扰钙通道和/或改变大脑中的多巴胺水平。PCB还通过改变甲状腺激素的生成和结合到雌激素受体来引起内分泌紊乱，这可以刺激某些癌细胞的生长并产生其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。它们会通过结合到如uteroglobin等受体蛋白而生物累积。(A3, A4, A30, A66)

The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (A3, A4, A30, A66)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

多氯联苯最常见的健康影响是皮肤状况，如氯痤疮和皮疹。长期暴露于多氯联苯还会导致肝脏、胃和肾脏损伤、黄疸、水肿、贫血、免疫系统变化、行为改变以及生殖能力受损。

The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L4级）；吸入（L4级）；皮肤给药（L4级）

Oral (L4) ; inhalation (L4) ; dermal (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性PCB暴露会导致如下症状：腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、眩晕、抑郁、紧张、皮肤和眼睛损伤、疲劳、月经周期不规律以及免疫力下降。

Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (A3)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  9
• 危险品标志：
  Xi,N
• 安全说明：
  S35,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R33
• WGK Germany：
  3
• RTECS号：
  DV2065000
• 海关编码：
  2903999090
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  9
• 储存条件：
  库房应保持低温、通风和干燥的环境。

SDS

Material Safety Data Sheet

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Section 1. Identification of the substance
Product Name: 2-Chlorobiphenyl
Synonyms:

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Section 2. Hazards identification
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed.

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Section 3. Composition/information on ingredients.
Ingredient name: 2-Chlorobiphenyl
CAS number: 2051-60-7

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Section 4. First aid measures
Skin contact: Immediately wash skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Eye contact: Immediately wash skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Assure adequate
flushing of the eyes by separating the eyelids with fingers. If irritation persists, seek medical
attention.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. In severe cases or if symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Wash out mouth with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

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Section 5. Fire fighting measures
In the event of a fire involving this material, alone or in combination with other materials, use dry
powder or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
should be worn.

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Section 6. Accidental release measures
Personal precautions: Wear suitable personal protective equipment which performs satisfactorily and meets local/state/national
standards.
Respiratory precaution: Wear approved mask/respirator
Hand precaution: Wear suitable gloves/gauntlets
Skin protection: Wear suitable protective clothing
Eye protection: Wear suitable eye protection
Methods for cleaning up: Mix with sand or similar inert absorbent material, sweep up and keep in a tightly closed container
for disposal. See section 12.
Environmental precautions: Do not allow material to enter drains or water courses.

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Section 7. Handling and storage
Handling: This product should be handled only by, or under the close supervision of, those properly qualified
in the handling and use of potentially hazardous chemicals, who should take into account the fire,
health and chemical hazard data given on this sheet.
Store in closed vessels.
Storage:

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Section 8. Exposure Controls / Personal protection
Engineering Controls: Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Personal protective equipment: Wear laboratory clothing, chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles.
General hydiene measures: Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

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Section 9. Physical and chemical properties
Appearance: Not specified
Boiling point: No data
No data
Melting point:
Flash point: No data
Density: No data
Molecular formula: C12H9Cl
Molecular weight: 188.7

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Section 10. Stability and reactivity
Conditions to avoid: Heat, flames and sparks.
Materials to avoid: Oxidizing agents.
Possible hazardous combustion products: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride.

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Section 11. Toxicological information
No data.

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Section 12. Ecological information
No data.

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Section 13. Disposal consideration
Arrange disposal as special waste, by licensed disposal company, in consultation with local waste
disposal authority, in accordance with national and regional regulations.

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Section 14. Transportation information
Non-harzardous for air and ground transportation.

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Section 15. Regulatory information
No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III, Section
302, or have known CAS numbers that exceed the threshold reporting levels established by SARA
Title III, Section 313.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物质
毒性分级：中毒
急性毒性（口服-哺乳动物）：LDL0 2500 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：可燃；火场释放有毒氯化物烟雾
储运特性：库房低温、通风、干燥
灭火剂：水、二氧化碳、泡沫、砂土

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-氯联苯 在 bis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride 、 RedAl 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 以99%的产率得到联苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  聚氯联苯（PCBs）催化加氢脱氯中的有机基化学：配体的空间效应和反应中间体的分子结构

  摘要：

  可溶性均质有机磷-镍络合物已用于通过使用NaBH 2（OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3）2作为氢源的催化加氢脱氯作用来解毒多氯联苯（PCB）。该反应似乎是通过将NiL 3氧化加成到CCl键中，然后对金属碳键进行氢解而进行的。在十氯联苯的模型实验中，有机磷配体L的锥角显示为控制氯置换量和位置的关键因素。因此，导致对位置换的配体（例如（o -MeC 6 H 4 O）3 P），亚对位位移（例如（EtO）3 P和（PhO）3 P）和邻元对位位移（例如Me 3 P和Et 3 P）被发现。重要的是，用Et 3 P催化剂体系对高毒性，共平面的二恶英前体3,3'，4,4'-四氯联苯（间-对氯取代的同类物）进行了定量脱氯。通过质谱和X射线衍射研究获得了反应混合物中有机镍中间体的存在的证据。特别有趣的是分离方形平面络合物p -C 6 Cl 5 C6氯4的Ni（PET 3）2从decachlorobiphenyl的用NaBH反应氯2（OCH

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00031-0
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-联苯硼酸 在 N-氯代丁二酰亚胺 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 24.0h， 以92%的产率得到2-氯联苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  高效多相铜催化芳基硼酸的氯脱硼，生成氯代芳烃

  摘要：

  的芳基硼酸与廉价的A高效多相铜催化chlorodeboronation Ñ氯琥珀酰亚胺（NCS）中的溶液在MeCN中的10％（摩尔）的存在下实现的大号脯氨酸官能MCM-41固定化铜（我）络合物[MCM-41 -大号-脯氨酸-CuCl]在温和的条件下，以优异的收率产生各种芳基氯化物。事实证明，该方法可耐受各种官能团，并且特别适用于将缺电子的芳基硼酸转化为芳基氯化物，这种转化在没有铜催化的情况下效率低下。可以通过简单过滤反应溶液来回收这种多相铜催化剂，并循环至少10次而不会降低活性。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c6ra25666j

文献信息

• Air Stable, Sterically Hindered Ferrocenyl Dialkylphosphines for Palladium-Catalyzed C−C, C−N, and C−O Bond-Forming Cross-Couplings
  作者：Noriyasu Kataoka、Quinetta Shelby、James P. Stambuli、John F. Hartwig

  DOI：10.1021/jo025732j

  日期：2002.8.1

  aryl halides coupled with acyclic or cyclic secondary alkyl- and arylamines, with primary alkyl- and arylamines, and with aryl- and primary alkylboronic acids. These last couplings provide the first general procedure for reaction of terminal alkylboronic acids with aryl halides without toxic or expensive bases. The ligand not only generates highly active palladium catalysts, but it is air stable in

  已通过两步合成程序以高收率制备了五苯基二茂铁基二叔丁基膦，并且已研究了由带有该配体的配合物催化的各种交叉偶联过程的范围。该配体为芳基卤化物胺化和Suzuki偶联产生了非常普通的钯催化剂。对于未活化的芳基溴化物或氯化物的胺化，观察到的营业额约为1000。另外，该配体的络合物在温和条件下催化形成选定的芳基醚。反应包括富电子和贫电子的芳基溴化物和氯化物。在含有该配体的催化剂的存在下，这些芳基卤化物与无环或环状仲烷基和芳基胺，伯烷基和芳基胺，以及芳基和伯烷基硼酸偶联。这些最后的偶联为末端烷基硼酸与芳基卤化物的反应提供了第一个通用方法，而没有毒性或昂贵的碱。该配体不仅产生高活性的钯催化剂，而且在溶液和固态中都是空气稳定的。该配体的钯（0）配合物也具有空气稳定性，为固体，仅与溶液中的氧气缓慢反应。
• Catalyst for aromatic C—O, C—N, and C—C bond formation
  申请人：Yale University

  公开号：US06562989B2

  公开（公告）日：2003-05-13

  The present invention is directed to a transition metal catalyst, comprising a Group 8 metal and a ligand having the structure wherein R, R′ and R″ are organic groups having 1-15 carbon atoms, n=1-5, and m=0-4. The present invention is also directed to a method of forming a compound having an aromatic or vinylic carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, or carbon-carbon bond using the above catalyst. The catalyst and the method of using the catalyst are advantageous in preparation of compounds under mild conditions of approximately room temperature and pressure.

  本发明涉及一种过渡金属催化剂，包括一种第8族金属和具有结构的配体 其中R、R'和R"是具有1-15个碳原子的有机基团，n=1-5，m=0-4。本发明还涉及一种利用上述催化剂形成具有芳香性或乙烯基碳-氧、碳-氮或碳-碳键的化合物的方法。该催化剂和使用该催化剂的方法在大约室温和压力下的温和条件下制备化合物具有优势。
• Cross-Coupling of Triallyl(aryl)silanes with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides: An Alternative Convenient Biaryl Synthesis
  作者：Akhila K. Sahoo、Takuro Oda、Yoshiaki Nakao、Tamejiro Hiyama

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.200404188

  日期：2004.12

  give various biaryls in good yields. It is worthwhile to note that the all-carbon-substituted arylsilanes, stable towards moisture, acid, and base and easily accessible, serve as a highly practical alternative to their aryl(halo)silane counterparts. A catalyst system consisting of [(η3-C3H5)PdCl]2 and 2-[2,4,6-(i-Pr)3C6H2]-C6H4PCy2 and use of TBAF⋅3 H2O in THF-H2O are effective especially for the cross-coupling

  在DMSO-H 2 O中存在PdCl 2 / PCy 3和氟化四丁基铵（TBAF）的情况下，多种芳基溴化物与三烯丙基（芳基）硅烷的交叉偶联是有效的，以高收率得到各种联芳基。值得一提的是，全碳取代的芳基硅烷对水分，酸和碱稳定，易于获得，可作为其芳基（卤代）硅烷对应物的高度实用替代品。由[（η的催化剂体系3 -C 3 H ^ 5）的PdCl] 2和2- [2,4,6-（我-Pr）3 c ^ 6 ħ 2 ] -C 6 H ^ 4 PCY2和在THF-H 2 O中使用TBAF·3 H 2 O对于与芳基氯的交叉偶联特别有效。两种催化剂体系均能耐受多种常见的官能团。推测反应的高效率归因于用TBAF·3 H 2 O和适量的水处理后烯丙基的易裂解。二烯丙基（二苯基）硅烷还可以与各种芳基溴化物和氯化物交联，收率很高，而烯丙基（三苯基）硅烷只能以中等收率得到交联产物。通过溴氯苯与不同芳基硅烷的顺序交叉偶联，可
• Metal-free oxidative decarbonylative coupling of aromatic aldehydes with arenes: direct access to biaryls
  作者：Ren-Jin Tang、Qing He、Luo Yang

  DOI：10.1039/c4cc10155c

  日期：——

  A metal-free oxidative decarbonylative coupling of aromatic aldehydes with electron-rich or electron-deficient arenes to produce biaryl compounds was developed. This novel coupling was proposed to proceed via a non-chain radical homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) type mechanism, based on the substrate scope, ortho-regioselectivity, radical trapping experiments and DFT calculation studies. With the

  开发了芳香醛与富电子或缺电子的芳烃的无金属氧化脱羰基偶联剂，以生产联芳基化合物。基于底物范围，邻位区域选择性，自由基捕获实验和DFT计算研究，提出了通过非链自由基均相芳香族取代（HAS）类型的机理进行这种新型偶联。随着芳香醛和芳烃的现成可用，无金属条件应使这种偶联对于联芳基合成具有吸引力。
• Cobalt‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Unactivated Arenes with Aryl Halides
  作者：Wei Liu、Hao Cao、Jie Xin、Liqun Jin、Aiwen Lei

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201002290

  日期：2011.3.21

  and simple: The direct arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl halides has been carried out with [Co(acac)3] as the catalyst and LiHMDS as the base. The corresponding biaryl compounds have been prepared in good to excellent yields and at a relatively low reaction temperature (see scheme; acac=acetylacetonate, LiHMDS=lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide). An intramolecular direct arylation has also been

  廉价和简单：未活化的芳烃与芳基卤化物的直接芳基化反应已经以[Co（acac）3 ]为催化剂，LiHMDS为基础进行。相应的联芳基化合物已经以良好的产率和优异的产率在相对较低的反应温度下制备（参见方案； acac =乙酰丙酮酸酯，LiHMDS =双（三甲基甲硅烷基）酰胺锂）。在相同条件下也已经实现了分子内直接芳基化。

表征谱图