2,3-dichlorobiphenyl | 25512-42-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 英文名称: 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl
• 英文别名: PCB 5；2,3-dichlorodiphenyl；2,3-dichloro-biphenyl；2,3-Dichlor-biphenyl；2,3-dichloro-1,1'-biphenyl；1,2-dichloro-3-phenylbenzene
• CAS: 25512-42-9
• 化学式: C₁₂H₈Cl₂
• mdl: MFCD00055244
• 分子量: 223.102
• InChiKey: XOMKZKJEJBZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  47.61°C (estimate)
• 沸点：
  289.78°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.2490 (rough estimate)
• 溶解度：
  4.47e-06 M
• 亨利常数：
  2.30e-04 atm-m3/mole
• 保留指数：
  1665;1666;1685.3;1694.8;1704.9;1654;1670

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.8
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

多氯联苯（PCBs）通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触途径被吸收。它们通过血液传输，通常与白蛋白结合。由于其亲脂性，它们倾向于在富含脂质的组织中积累，如肝脏、脂肪组织和皮肤。多氯联苯的代谢非常缓慢，并且根据氯化的程度和位置而有所不同。多氯联苯通过微粒体单加氧酶系统进行代谢，该系统由细胞色素P-450酶催化，转化为极性代谢物，这些代谢物可以与谷胱甘肽和葡萄糖醛酸结合。主要代谢物是羟基化产物，通过胆汁和粪便排出。多氯联苯的缓慢代谢意味着它们倾向于在身体组织中积累。

PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (L4, T6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

PCB的作用机制因具体类型而异。类二噁烷PCB通过结合芳基烃受体，通过改变基因的转录来扰乱细胞功能，主要是通过诱导肝脏第一阶段和第二阶段酶的表达，特别是细胞色素P450家族。PCB的大多数毒性效应被认为是由Ah受体结合的结果。其他PCB被认为会干扰钙通道和/或改变大脑中的多巴胺水平。PCB还通过改变甲状腺激素的生成和结合到雌激素受体来引起内分泌紊乱，这可以刺激某些癌细胞的生长并产生其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。它们会通过结合到如uteroglobin等受体蛋白而生物累积。(A3, A4, A30, A66)

The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (A3, A4, A30, A66)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

PCBs最常见的健康影响是皮肤状况，如氯痤疮和皮疹。长期暴露于PCBs还可能导致肝脏、胃和肾脏损害、黄疸、水肿、贫血、免疫系统变化、行为改变以及生殖能力受损。

The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L4级）；吸入（L4级）；皮肤给药（L4级）

Oral (L4) ; inhalation (L4) ; dermal (L4)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性 PCB 暴露会导致如下症状：腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、眩晕、抑郁、神经紧张、皮肤和眼睛损伤、疲劳、月经周期不规律以及免疫力下降。

Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (A3)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2,3-dichlorobiphenyl 以 丙酮 为溶剂， 生成 亚老哥尔1221
  参考文献：
  名称：

  用紫外线照射脱氯多氯联苯。八。2,3- 和 3,4-二氯联苯在 2-丙醇溶液中的反应

  摘要：

  2,3-二氯联苯 (2,3-DCB) 和 3,4-二氯联苯 (3,4-DCB) 在 2-丙醇中的光脱氯反应分别得到 3-氯联苯和 4-氯联苯。一氯联苯形成的量子产率为 2,3-DCB 为 0.2，3,4-DCB 为 0.06，与底物浓度和激发光波长无关。根据使用顺式 1,3-戊二烯猝灭实验获得的结果，得出结论：2,3-DCB 仅在激发单线态下被光脱氯，而 3,4-DCB 在激发单线态和激发单线态下都被光脱氯。三重态。在 3,4-DCB 的情况下，激发的单线态和三线态对总脱氯的相对贡献分别评估为 0.8 和 0.2。激发三重态参与 3 的光脱氯，

  DOI：

  10.1246/bcsj.55.3565
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2,3-二氯苯胺 生成 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for producing compounds of the diaryl series

  摘要：

  公开号：

  US02280504A1

文献信息

• MONOMERS CAPABLE OF DIMERIZING IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, AND METHODS OF USING SAME
  申请人：Barany Francis

  公开号：US20140194383A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-07-10

  Described herein are monomers capable of forming a biologically useful multimer when in contact with one, two, three or more other monomers in an aqueous media. In one aspect, such monomers may be capable of binding to another monomer in an aqueous media (e.g. in vivo) to form a multimer, (e.g. a dimer). Contemplated monomers may include a ligand moiety, a linker element, and a connector element that joins the ligand moiety and the linker element. In an aqueous media, such contemplated monomers may join together via each linker element and may thus be capable of modulating one or more biomolecules substantially simultaneously, e.g., modulate two or more binding domains on a protein or on different proteins.

  本发明描述了在水中介质中与一个、两个、三个或更多其他单体接触时能够形成具有生物学用途的多聚体的单体。在一方面，这样的单体可能能够在水介质中（例如，体内）与另一个单体结合形成多聚体（例如，二聚体）。考虑的单体可能包括一个配体部分、一个连接元素和一个连接器元素，连接器元素连接配体部分和连接元素。在水介质中，这样的考虑单体可能通过每个连接元素相互连接，因此可能能够实质上同时调节一个或多个生物分子，例如，调节蛋白质上的两个或多个结合域，或者调节不同蛋白质上的结合域。
• Synthesis of Chlorinated Biphenyls by Suzuki Cross-Coupling Using Diamine or Diimine-Palladium Complexes
  作者：Tuula Kylmälä、Noora Kuuloja、Youjun Xu、Kari Rissanen、Robert Franzén

  DOI：10.1002/ejoc.200800119

  日期：2008.8

  and their reduced diamine counterparts 3b,3d–3g and 3i form complexes 4a–4i, 5b,5d–5g, and 5i with PdCl2 in DMF or methanol. Using 1 mol-% of the isolated complexes 4e and 5f many polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be prepared in moderate to excellent yields according to the Suzuki crosscoupling protocol with contact to air. Several 4-acetylbiphen

  几种新型二亚胺（Salen 型配体）2a-2i 及其还原的二胺对应物 3b、3d-3g 和 3i 在 DMF 或甲醇中与 PdCl2 形成复合物 4a-4i、5b、5d-5g 和 5i。根据与空气接触的铃木交叉偶联方案，使用 1 mol% 的分离配合物 4e 和 5f，可以以中等至极好的产率制备许多多氯联苯 (PCB)。几种4-乙酰联苯
• Iron(III)-Catalyzed Ortho-Preferred Radical Nucleophilic Alkylation of Electron-Deficient Arenes
  作者：Fei Yu、Ting Wang、Huan Zhou、Yajun Li、Xinhao Zhang、Hongli Bao

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03244

  日期：2017.12.15

  ortho-preferred, radical alkylation of electron-deficient (hetero)arenes is reported. A variety of electron-deficient arenes were shown to react with various primary alkyl sources, producing the alkylated (hetero)arenes in good yields. This reaction might be an alkyl radical, nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, rather than the traditional electrophilic Friedel–Crafts reaction. HOMO–LUMO analysis and

  报道了缺电子（杂）芳烃的非传统铁催化的，邻位优选的自由基烷基化。已显示出各种电子不足的芳烃可与各种伯烷基源反应，以高收率生产烷基化（杂）芳烃。该反应可能是烷基自由基，亲核芳香取代反应，而不是传统的亲电Friedel-Crafts反应。关于区域选择性的关键过渡态的HOMO-LUMO分析和DFT研究与观察到的反应和结论一致。
• Photoreactions of Polyhalobenzenes in Benzene. Formation of Terphenyls
  作者：Masahiro Nakada、Chihiro Miura、Hideaki Nishiyama、Futoshi Higashi、Toru Mori、Minoru Hirota、Tetsuo Ishii

  DOI：10.1246/bcsj.62.3122

  日期：1989.10

  Polychlorobenzenes, polybromobenzenes, and polychloropolybromobenzenes (C6H6−nXn) were photolyzed in benzene solutions; the products were analyzed by the GC/MS method. Both dehalogenation and phenylation were shown to take place competitively, producing (poly)halobenzenes bearing one less halogen atom (C6H7−nXn−1) and (poly)halobiphenyls (C6H6−nXn−1–C6H5) as the major products. Besides these products

  多氯苯、多溴苯和多氯多溴苯（C6H6−nXn）在苯溶液中光解；产物采用 GC/MS 方法分析。脱卤和苯基化都显示出竞争性，产生少一个卤素原子的（多）卤代苯（C6H7-nXn-1）和（多）卤代联苯（C6H6-nXn-1-C6H5）作为主要产品。除了这些产品之外，三联苯是通过形成的卤代联苯的连续苯基化产生的。只有当通过 2-氯联苯的途径成为可能时，多氯苯才会形成相应的三联苯；然而，多溴苯可以通过中间形成的任何异构溴联苯产生三联苯。还显示通过氯原子的间迁移发生异构化的程度要小得多。
• Cannabinoid receptor modulators
  申请人：Chackalamannil Samuel

  公开号：US20070197628A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-08-23

  A compound having the general structure of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or ester thereof, is useful in treating diseases, disorders, or conditions such as obesity, metabolic disorders, addiction, diseases of the central nervous system, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders.

  具有通式（I）的一种化合物：或其药用盐、溶剂合物或酯，可用于治疗肥胖、代谢紊乱、成瘾、中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病等疾病、紊乱或症状。

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