Mechanistic Studies on Pd-Catalyzed Telomerization and Co-Cyclization of Butadiene: Amphiphilicity of Bis-π-allylpalladium Intermediate in the Presence of Phosphine Ligand
作者:Jitsuo Kiji、Tamon Okano、Takaaki Nomura、Kayoko Saiki、Torei Sai、Jiro Tsuji
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.74.1939
日期:2001.10
Pd-catalyzed reactions of butadiene, which proceed through a bis-π-allylpalladium intermediate, (η3,η3-C8H12)Pd (2), were performed in the presence of both a pronucleophile (aceto- or cyanoacetate) and an electrophile (benzaldehyde). Methyl aceto- or cyanoacetate and benzaldehyde reacted independently with 2 to give telomers 8 and the divinyl-substituted pyranes 9, respectively. In the case of methyl cyanoacetate, the co-cyclization of 2 with 2-cyano-3-phenylpropenoate (11) formed in situ also took place to afford the cyclohexane derivative 10. Namely, three kinds of amphiphilic additions of the C8-chain of 2 occurred to δ+H–Nuδ−, δ+C=Cδ−, and δ+C=Oδ− simultaneously in a one-pot reaction. The Pd-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, allyltributylstannane, methyl cyanoacetate, and benzaldehyde was undertaken under neutral conditions, expecting the amphiphilic reactions by the intermediacy of (η3-C3H5)2Pd (6) formed in situ. Allylation of both benzaldehyde and methyl cyanoacetate took place. Competitively amphiphilic bis-allylation of the polar double bond of 11 also occurred to form the 1,7-octadiene derivative 18. The mechanisms of both reactions can be explainable in terms of the amphiphilicity of the intermediates (2 and 6) in the presence of a phosphine ligand.
在乙酸或氰乙酸作为亲核试剂和苯甲醛作为亲电试剂的存在下,通过双π-烯丙基金属中间体(η3,η3-C8H12)Pd(2)进行的钯催化丁二烯反应分别生成了8聚体和二乙烯基取代的吡喃9。对于氰乙酸甲酯的情况下,由2与现场生成的2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸酯(11)进行的共环化反应也同时发生,形成了环己烷衍生物10。也就是说,在单锅反应中,同时发生了C8链的2对δ+H–Nuδ−、δ+C=Cδ−和δ+C=Oδ−亲油性加成的三种类型反应。在无碱性条件下,利用现场生成的(η3-C3H5)2Pd(6)作为中间体,进行了三氯甲硅烷丙烯、三丁基锡丙烯、氰乙酸甲酯和苯甲醛的钯催化反应。苯甲醛和氰乙酸甲酯都发生了丙烯基化反应。极性双键11也通过竞争性的亲油性双丙烯基化反应形成了1,7-辛二烯衍生物18。这两种反应的机理都可以在存在磷配体的情况下,根据中间体(2和6)的亲油性进行解释。