Synthesis, Properties, and Crystal Structure of Silyl Nitronates (Silyl Esters ofaci-Nitroalkanes): Towards theSN2 Reaction Path with Retention of Configuration at Silicon
作者:Ernest W. Colvin、Albert K. Beck、Bahram Bastani、Dieter Seebach、Yasushi Kai、Jack D. Dunitz
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19800630320
日期:1980.4.23
the preparation of silyl nitronates is described (see 1–10). NMR. spectral investigations indicate a rapid 1,3-silylmigration process, with an activation energy of about 10 kcal mol−1. X-ray crystallographic studies on the silyl nitronates 3 and 8 show structures that lean towards an SN2 retention pathway at silicon.
描述了一种高效,灵活的制备甲磺酸硅烷基酯的方法(参见1-10)。核磁共振。光谱研究表明,快速的1,3-甲硅烷基迁移过程具有约10 kcal mol -1的活化能。对甲硅烷基磺酸盐3和8的X射线晶体学研究表明,其结构倾向于向S N 2保留在硅的路径。
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amides with Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature
作者:Hien-Quang Do、Shoshana Bachman、Alex C. Bissember、Jonas C. Peters、Gregory C. Fu
DOI:10.1021/ja4126609
日期:2014.2.5
The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for SN2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as
开发一种温和而通用的方法,用相对不活泼的卤代烷(即 SN2 反应的不良底物)对酰胺进行烷基化是有机合成中的一个持续挑战。我们在此描述了一种通用的过渡金属催化方法:特别是光诱导、铜催化的伯酰胺单烷基化。一系列广泛的烷基和芳基酰胺(以及内酰胺和 2-恶唑烷酮)与未活化的仲(和受阻伯)烷基溴和碘结合使用一组相对简单和温和的条件:廉价的 CuI 作为催化剂,无需单独添加配体,并在室温下形成 CN 键。该方法与多种官能团兼容,例如烯烃、氨基甲酸酯、噻吩和吡啶,并已应用于阿片受体拮抗剂的合成。一系列机械观察,包括反应性和立体化学研究,与耦合途径一致,包括铜-酰胺络合物的光激发,然后是电子转移以形成烷基。
The Fast and Selective Reduction of Organic Halides by Lithium Hydrotri-<i>s</i>-butylborate
作者:Sunggak Kim、Kyu Yang Yi
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.58.789
日期:1985.2
Lithium hydrotri-s-butylborate is shown to be a powerful reducing agent in its reducing abilitie: toward organichalides and discriminates structurally different organichalides due to the bulkiness of the reagent Essentially complete utilization of the hydride of the reagent for the reduction of organichalides is also of synthetic significance.
wide variety of alkyl halides with mercury(I) and/or (II) nitrate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, mercury(II) acetate in acetic acid, aqueous mercury(II) perchlorate, and mercury(II) perchlorate in alcohol solvents have been investigated; as a result, simple high yield procedures for the conversion of alkyl halides into the corresponding nitrate esters, acetate esters, alcohols and ethers have been developed.
Copper nanoparticle-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkyl halides with Grignard reagents
作者:Ju Hyun Kim、Young Keun Chung
DOI:10.1039/c3cc46419a
日期:——
A cross-coupling reaction between alkyl bromides and chlorides and various Grignardreagents was carried out in the presence of commercially available copper or copper oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst and an alkyne additive. The catalytic system shows high activity, a broad scope, and good functional group tolerance.