... Investigated S-oxidation of N-substituted thioureas by purified hog liver mixed-function amine oxidase and pig and hamster liver microsomal fractions. In the presence of enzyme, O2, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase, phenylthiourea ... metabolized to the corresponding formamidine sulfinic acid ... reaction ... occurred through intermediary sulfenic acids, indicating two consecutive oxidations. The formamidine sulfinic acid products then auto-oxidized slowly to the corresponding sulfonic acids.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea is a bitter or tasteless (depending on the individual's genetic background) needle- or prism-like solid material used in medical genetics studies, as a repellent for rats, rabbits, and weasels, and in the production of rodenticides. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea can be absorbed by ingestion and parenterally; it may be absorbed and cause systemic toxicity following inhalation or dermal exposure. The bitter taste perception (associated with the ability or inability to taste 1-phenyl-2-thiourea) is mediated by the tas2r38 gene. Some studies have found higher proportions of nontasters among those with a family history of alcoholism than controls, whereas others have not. ANIMAL STUDIES: Vomiting, noisy or difficult breathing, cyanosis, and hypothermia may occur. Pleural effusions and pulmonary edema have been seen in exposed experimental animals, and this compound destroys cytochrome P450 in vivo. Hypoglycemia lasting for up to 5 hours was seen in rats injected with 1-phenyl-2-thiourea. In mice it was nearly as effective as a strong dose of licl in reducing sucrose drinking. 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea produced a concn-dependent inhibition of rat lung acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. Phenylthiourea caused mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium assay without S9 activation, but was negative in the salmonella/microsome preincubation assay. At the standard concentration of 0.003% (200 uM), 1-phenyl-2-thiourea inhibits melanogenesis and reportedly has minimal other effects on zebrafish embryogenesis. The administration of 0.003% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea altered retinoic acid and insulin-like growth factor regulation of neural crest and mesodermal components of craniofacial development. 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea also decreased retinoic acid-induced teratogenic effects on pharyngeal arch and jaw cartilage despite morphologically normal appearing 1-phenyl-2-thiourea -treated controls. 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea inhibited neural crest development at higher concentrations (0.03%) and had the greatest inhibitory effect when added prior to 22 hours post fertilization (hpf). Addition of 0.003% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea between 4 and 20 hpf decreased thyroxine (T4) in thyroid follicles in the nasopharynx of 96 hpf embryos. 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea is an experimental teratogen in mice. In NTP 78 weeks feeding study 1-phenyl-2-thiourea was not carcinogenic to rats (120 and 60 ppm) and mice (300 and 150 ppm) in both males or females.
The present study examined the combined effect of dopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) on the membrane permeability in isolated brain mitochondria and on cell viability in PC12 cells. MPP(+) increased effect of dopamine against the swelling, membrane potential, and Ca(2+) transport in isolated mitochondria, which was not inhibited by the addition of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase). Dopamine or MPP(+) caused the decrease in transmembrane potential, increase in reactive oxygen species, depletion of GSH, and cell death in PC12 cells. Antioxidant enzymes reduced each effect of dopamine and MPP(+) against PC12 cells. Co-addition of dopamine and MPP(+) caused the decrease in the transmembrane potential and increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells, in which they showed an additive effect. Dopamine plus MPP(+)-induced the depletion of GSH and cell death in PC12 cells were not decreased by the addition of antioxidant enzymes, rutin, diethylstilbestrol, and ascorbate. Melanin caused a cell viability loss in PC12 cells. The N-acetylcysteine, N-phenylthiourea, and 5-hydroxyindole decreased the cell death and the formation of dopamine quinone and melanin induced by co-addition of dopamine and MPP(+), whereas deprenyl and chlorgyline did not show an inhibitory effect. The results suggest that co-addition of dopamine and MPP(+) shows an enhancing effect on the change in mitochondrial membrane permeability and cell death, which may be accomplished by toxic quinone and melanin derived from the MPP(+)-stimulated dopamine oxidation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
相互作用
动物预先用1-甲基-1-苯基硫脲处理可以防止脱硫并降低PTU的毒性。
Pretreatment of animals with 1-methyl-1-phenylthiourea prevents desulfuration & reduces toxicity of PTU.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
相互作用
半胱氨酸和还原型谷胱甘肽部分减轻了有毒的苯基硫脲剂量在大鼠中减少肝脏糖原的效果。
Cysteine & reduced glutathione partially reduced the liver glycogen-depleting effect of a toxic phenylthiourea dose in rats.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
相互作用
在体外,碳-14标记的硫脲与大鼠肺蛋白的结合受到苯基硫脲存在的拮抗。
In vitro binding of (14)Carbon thiourea to rat lung protein was antagonized by the presence of phenylthiourea.
Extensively metabolized in rabbits & 86% excreted in urine over 2 days with addnl 10% in feces. Desulfuration of the molecule is extensive, & the sulfur label is excreted more slowly. Eventually 60% is recovered as urinary sulfate.
After admin of (35)Sulfur-cmpd to ... /rats & rabbits/ excretion of (35)Sulfur was slower compared to that of (14)Carbon after (14)Carbon-cmpd. ... /Results/ indicated that desulfuration of 1-phenyl-2-thiourea occurred in vivo & ... suggested that some hydrogen sulfide was liberated ... & may be responsible for toxic effects ... 2 hr after ip admin of (35)Sulfur-cmpd to rats, levels of (35)Sulfur were high in organs of biotransformation & excretion (liver & kidneys) & also in lung & thyroid gland, organs affected by 1-phenyl-2-thiourea.
Polystyrene-bound diaryl selenoxide and telluroxide have been prepared, which behaved as mild oxidizingagents for thiols to disulfides, phosphines to phosphine oxides, hydroquinone and catechol to p- and o-benzoquinones, and thioketones to oxo compounds. The telluroxide completed these reactions in shorter periods or under milder conditions than the selenoxide. In addition, they effected novel solvent-dependent
Structures of Addition Products of Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid Esters with Various Dinucleophiles. An application of C, H-spin-coupling constants
作者:Ulrich Vögeli、Wolfgang von Philipsborn、Kuppuswamy Nagarajan、Mohan D. Nair
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19780610207
日期:1978.3.8
Heterocyclic compounds obtained by addition of acetylenedicarboxylicacidesters to thioureas, cyclic amidines and o-difunctionalized aromatic systems have been studied by 13C-NMR. In particular, C, H-spin-coupling constants over two and three bonds were used to differentiate between the various constitutional isomers and to establish the configuration of trisubstituted exocyclic C, C-double bonds
1,4,2-dithiazolidine or 1,3-thiazetidine heterocycles was developed by reactions of phenylthioureas with 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene. The solvent has a significant influence on the type of product formation. 1,4,2-Dithiazolidines were formed in the aprotic solvent chloroform, while in the protic solvent ethanol, 1,3-thiazetidines were the main products.
A series of arylthioureas (1), aromatic aldehyde thiosemicarbazones (2) and 5-aryl-2-furfuraldehyde thiosemicarbazones (3) were condensed with 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorophenacyl bromide to yield respective arylaminothiazoles, arylidene/5-aryl-2-furfurylidene hydrazinothiazoles (4). The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral studies. These compounds were also screened