Bis(acetyloxy)-lambda2-plumbane | 1335-32-6

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 有机金属类化合物 - 有机钪、钽、铊、钨、锑、镧、铅、钒、钼、铬、镱等
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: Bis(acetyloxy)-lambda2-plumbane
• 英文别名: diacetyloxylead
• CAS: 1335-32-6
• 化学式: C4H6O4Pb
• 分子量: 325.0
• InChiKey: GUWSLQUAAYEZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  75℃
• 暴露限值：
  NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3
• 物理描述：
  OtherSolid
• 颜色/状态：
  White crystals
• 气味：
  Slight acetic odor
• 沸点：
  Decomposes
• 溶解度：
  44.3 g/100 cc of water at 20 °C
• 密度：
  3.25 g/cu cm
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp, it emits toxic fumes of /lead/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.87
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  80.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅则与δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。(L136)

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多它们各自酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过阻碍多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶，这是一种在血红素生物合成中至关重要的酶，而血红素是血红蛋白必需的辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

无机铅化合物的致癌性在人类中的证据有限。...在实验动物中，无机铅化合物的致癌性有足够的证据。在实验动物中，醋酸铅、亚醋酸铅、铬酸铅和磷酸铅的致癌性有足够的证据。在实验动物中，氧化铅和砷酸铅的致癌性证据不足。...在实验动物中，铅粉的致癌性证据不足。总体评估无机铅化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2A组）。/无机铅化合物/

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead compounds. ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead compounds. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead acetate, lead subacetate, lead chromate, and lead phosphate. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead oxide and lead arsenate. ... There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead powder. Overall evaluation Inorganic lead compounds are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). /Inorganic lead compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：B2；可能的人类致癌物。分类依据：充分的动物证据。十项大鼠生物测试和一项小鼠测试显示，通过饮食和皮下接触几种可溶性铅盐，肾肿瘤统计学上显著增加。动物测试在多个实验室、多种大鼠品系中提供可重复的结果，且有证据表明多个肿瘤位点。短期研究表明铅影响基因表达。人类致癌性数据不足。人类致癌性数据：不足。动物致癌性数据：充分。/基于以前分类系统的铅和化合物（无机）/

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Sufficient animal evidence. Ten rat bioassays and one mouse assay have shown statisticlly significant increases in renal tumors with dietary and subcutaneous exposure to several soluble lead salts. Animal assays provide reproducible results in several laboratories, in multiple rat strains with some evidence of multiple tumor sites. Short term studies show that lead affects gene expression. Human evidence is inadequate. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Lead and Compounds (inorganic), Based on former classification system/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A3; 对动物已确认是致癌物，但对人类的相关性未知。/铅，元素铅和无机铅化合物，如 Pb/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead, elemental, and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

铅、铅化合物：合理预期为人类致癌物

Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

从实验动物的胃肠道吸收铅的过程受到多种因素的影响，包括年龄、食物摄入量和食物基质的形式，以及铅的化学形式。这很可能是一个可饱和的过程。在大鼠中，随着剂量的增加（1-100毫克铅醋酸每千克体重），铅的吸收量占剂量的百分比被发现从42%降低到2%。

Absorption of lead from the GI tract in experimental animals is influenced by a number of factors, including age, level of food intake and form of food matrix, and chemical form of the lead. It is most probably a saturable process. With increasing dose in rats, 1-100 mg lead as lead acetate per kg bw, lead absorption was found to decrease as a percentage of dose, from 42 to 2%

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

不同形态和粒度的铅在大鼠体内的吸收率不同。碳酸盐和钡盐的吸收程度最高，而硫化物、铬酸盐、钠酸盐和辛酸盐的吸收率仅为醋酸铅的44-67%... 铅在大鼠股骨中的摄取量以醋酸铅最高，其次是氧化铅，硫化铅和阿拉斯加矿石浓缩物的混合物最低... 铅矿尾矿土壤的生物有效性仅为醋酸铅的8-20%。

... Different forms of lead and particle size have different rates of absorption in the rat. Carbonate and thallate were absorbed to the greatest extent, whereas absorption of sulfide, chromate, naphenate, and octoate were absorbed at only 44-67% the rate of absorption for lead acetate ... Uptake of lead into the femurs of rats was highest for lead acetate, intermediate for lead oxide, and lowest for lead sulfide and a mixture of Alaskan ore concentrate ... Lead mining waste soil was 8-20% as bioavailable as lead acetate.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在大鼠饮用水中给予0.2%醋酸铅的前8个月生命中，神经系统中的铅含量出现了变化，这些变化在大脑的不同区域被定位。铅含量在海马体和大脑新皮层最高。

There was a variation in lead levels in the nervous system of rats administered lead acetate 0.2% in drinking water for the first 8 mo of life in amounts localized in different regions of the brain. Lead levels were highest in the hippocampus and cerebral neocortex.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

铅通过尿液和粪便从体内排出。未被吸收的饮食铅通过粪便排出。血液中的铅如果没有被身体保留，也会通过尿液或粪便排出。成年人每天通过饮用水摄入0.3-3.0毫克的铅（以醋酸铅形式）持续16-208周后，排出了超过85%的摄入铅；其中90%的铅通过粪便排出。

Lead is eliminated from the body by both urine and feces. Any dietary lead not absorbed is excreted in feces. Blood lead not retained in the body is excreted in urine or feces. Adults ingesting daily 0.3-3.0 mg lead (as lead acetate) in drinking water for 16-208 wk excreted more than 85% of the ingested lead; 90% of the lead was in the feces.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  N-T,N,T,Xi,Xn
• 安全说明：
  S45,S53,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R62
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29152900,29331990
• RTECS号：
  OF8750000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1

制备方法与用途

用途
用作分析试剂，也用于制药工业。

此外，还应用于制糖工业中的脱色剂和糖分析。

类别
有毒物质

爆炸物危险特性
摩擦、震动均易引发灵敏性爆炸。

可燃性危险特性
具有可燃性，在火场会释放含铅的辛辣刺激烟雾。

储运特性
应存放在低温、通风且干燥的库房中，并注意防火和防震动。

灭火剂
可用清水、二氧化碳、干粉或泡沫进行扑灭。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  Bis(acetyloxy)-lambda2-plumbane 生成 二氧化碳
  参考文献：
  名称：

  MORIYAMA, XIROSI;MOTIDZUKI, TAKASI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  diacetyloxylead;trihydrate 以 乙二醇甲醚 为溶剂， 生成 Bis(acetyloxy)-lambda2-plumbane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Formation of thin-film patterns of a metal oxide

  摘要：

  一种用于形成金属氧化物薄膜图案的组合物，包括金属烷氧基和一种或多种硝基化合物，所述硝基化合物选择自硝基苯甲醇衍生物、硝基苯甲醛衍生物、硝基苯乙烯衍生物、硝基乙酰苯衍生物、硝基甲氧基苯衍生物和硝基呋喃衍生物组成的群体。该组合物被应用于基板上，然后通过利用光照射的部分和未经光照射的部分之间的溶解度差异来进行图案化，这归因于照射部分的光解反应。将光敏化合物添加到含有有机溶剂和有机金属化合物的起始溶液中，将溶液雾化，然后在辐射光的同时将产生的雾沉积在基板上。

  公开号：

  US05630872A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  L-胱氨酸 、 乙酸酐 在 锌 ice 、 锌 、 Bis(acetyloxy)-lambda2-plumbane 、 硫化铅 、 异丙醇 、 乙醚 作用下， 以 水 、 sodium hydroxide 为溶剂， 反应 1.75h， 生成 N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Compounds and their combinations for the treatment of influenza infection

  摘要：

  给予一种或多种谷胱甘肽、其二硫化二聚体、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸盐或N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸，以及抗氧化剂，可用于治疗流感病毒感染，以及预防流感病毒感染。

  公开号：

  US06107281A1

文献信息

• Production of benzylic esters
  申请人：Ashland Oil, Inc.

  公开号：US04410461A1

  公开（公告）日：1983-10-18

  A catalytic homogeneous liquid phase process for effecting the acyloxylation of toluene to produce the corresponding benzylic ester. The catalyst system comprises Pd(II) and Pb(II) values wherein the palladous element component is associated with a catalytic amount of a tertiary phosphine as a complexed ligand. The indicated catalyst system uniquely facilitates the advantageous use of normally immiscible carboxylic acid reactants for carrying out the underlying benzylic oxidation reaction.

  一种催化均相液相过程，用于使甲苯发生酰氧化反应，产生相应的苯基酯。催化剂系统包括Pd（II）和Pb（II）价，其中钯元素组分与三级膦作为络合配体的催化量相关联。所示催化剂系统独特地促进了通常不相溶的羧酸反应物的有利使用，以进行基础苯基氧化反应。
• Process for preparing N-alkylaminophenols
  申请人：Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US05202485A1

  公开（公告）日：1993-04-13

  A process for preparing an N-alkylaminophenol is disclosed, comprising subjecting an aminophenol to reductive alkylation with an aldehyde or a ketone in the presence of an organic solvent and hydrogen, wherein the reductive alkylation is carried out at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. in the further presence of a catalyst for reduction comprising platinum and at least one metal element selected from metal elements belonging to the IB group, IIB group, IVB group, VB group, and VIB group of the Periodic Table, supported on activated carbon, or comprising palladium and at least one metal element selected from metal elements belonging to the IB group, IIB group, IVB group, VB group and VIB group of the Periodic Table, supported on activated carbon.

  本发明揭示了一种制备N-烷基氨基酚的过程，包括在有机溶剂和氢气存在下，将氨基酚与醛或酮进行还原烷基化反应，其中还原烷基化反应在20℃到70℃的温度下进行，进一步存在还原催化剂，所述还原催化剂包括铂和属于周期表IB组，IIB组，IVB组，VB组和VIB组的至少一种金属元素，支持在活性炭上，或包括钯和属于周期表IB组，IIB组，IVB组，VB组和VIB组的至少一种金属元素，支持在活性炭上。
• Butenoic acid derivatives
  申请人：Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.

  公开号：US04216008A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-08-05

  The present invention is directed to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl and R.sub.2 is lower alkyl or aryl. Also provided are methods for preparation of these compounds. The compounds of formula I above are useful as plant growth regulants.

  本发明涉及公式 ##STR1## 中的化合物，其中R.sub.1是较低的烷基，R.sub.2是较低的烷基或芳基。还提供了制备这些化合物的方法。上述公式I的化合物可用作植物生长调节剂。
• Method for fabricating ferro-electric thin films using a sol-gel technique
  申请人：Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum (IMEC vzw)

  公开号：US20020008227A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-01-24

  A method is disclosed for the formation of ferro-electric films using a multi coating process based on a sol-gel technique. In particular a method is disclosed to fabricate high-quality thickness scaled PZT films of an alkoxide-type liquid chemical PZT precursor solution, preferably a Pb(Zr x Ti 1−x )O 3 precursor solution, using a sol-gel technique. At least two coated layers are deposited, but the precise number of coated layers depends on the desired thickness of the ferro-electric film. According to the method of the invention, the electrical characteristics of the film as formed are not dependent on the number of coated layers. There are a number of properties, characteristic for the method of the present invention, and resulting in said excellent electrical characteristics. In fact said method can comprise a multi coating process wherein a reduced number of coated layers is used but where intermediate crystallization steps are performed. The ferro-electric films formed using this method have excellent electrical characteristics, provided that a crystallization step is only performed if the thickness of the film formed since the last crystallization step is minimum about 40 to 50 nm. Alternatively, the method can comprise a multi coating process wherein no intermediate crystallization steps are used.

  本发明揭示了一种使用基于溶胶凝胶技术的多层涂覆过程形成铁电薄膜的方法。具体而言，本发明揭示了一种使用溶胶凝胶技术制备高质量厚度缩放的PZT薄膜的方法，该方法使用一种烷氧基型液态化学PZT前体溶液，优选为Pb（ZrxTi1-x）O3前体溶液。至少涂覆两层，但涂覆层数取决于所需的铁电薄膜厚度。根据本发明的方法，形成的薄膜的电学特性不依赖于涂覆层数。该方法具有一些特征性质，导致了优异的电学特性。事实上，该方法可以包括多层涂覆过程，其中使用较少的涂覆层数，但执行中间结晶步骤。使用该方法形成的铁电薄膜具有优异的电学特性，前提是仅在自上次结晶步骤以来形成的薄膜厚度至少为40到50纳米时才执行结晶步骤。或者，该方法可以包括不使用中间结晶步骤的多层涂覆过程。
• Production of lead monoxide from lead sulfate with acidic ammonium
  申请人：N L Industries, Inc.

  公开号：US04220628A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-09-02

  An efficient and inexpensive method for producing lead monoxide from impure lead sulfate bearing materials such as recycled battery mud is provided comprising: (a) reacting said material with an ammonium carbonate solution to convert lead sulfate to lead carbonate; (b) decomposing the lead carbonate to produce impure lead monoxide; (c) reacting said impure lead monoxide with an acidic ammonium acetate solution to form a lead acetate solution; (d) reacting ammonium hydroxide with the lead acetate solution to form lead hydroxide; and (e) dehydrating the lead hydroxide to produce lead monoxide.

  本发明提供了一种从含杂质的硫酸铅材料（例如回收的电池泥）中生产氧化铅的高效且廉价的方法，包括：（a）将该材料与碳酸铵溶液反应，将硫酸铅转化为碳酸铅；（b）分解碳酸铅以产生含杂质的氧化铅；（c）将所述含杂质的氧化铅与酸性的乙酸铵溶液反应以形成乙酸铅溶液；（d）将氢氧化铵与乙酸铅溶液反应以形成氢氧化铅；以及（e）脱水氢氧化铅以产生氧化铅。