Alprostadil must be infused continuously because it is very rapidly metabolized. As much as 80% of the circulating alprostadil may be metabolized in one pass through the lungs, primarily by beta- and omega-oxidation.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2) has not been measured in human milk after exogenous administration, but it is a normal component of breastmilk in small amounts where it may help protect the infant's gastrointestinal tract.
Use of vaginal dinoprostone to induce labor appears to have a negative effect on breastfeeding. Given orally in the first few days postpartum, dinoprostone can suppress lactation. Whether postpartum vaginal or endocervical administration suppresses lactation is not known, but it should probably not be used postpartum in mothers who wish to breastfeed. By one month postpartum, the drug appears not to suppress lactation.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:A retrospective cohort study of birth records in Cardiff, Wales, UK found that the use of vaginal prostaglandins for the induction of labor resulted in an 11% decrease in the likelihood that mothers would be breastfeeding at 48 hours postpartum. The subgroup of first-time mothers had a 15% decrease.
A nonrandomized prospective study compared women who had spontaneous deliveries with those who had elective induction using dinoprostone vaginal gel. At hospital discharge, exclusive breastfeeding rates were similar between the two groups (88% and 89%). However, at 1 and 3 months postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding rates were significantly lower in mothers who had dinoprostone induction than in those who delivered spontaneously. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were 54% and 85% at 1 month and 46% and 59% at 3 months postpartum, respectively. Rates of supplemental and exclusive formula feeding were higher in the induced mothers at both time points also.
Dinoprostone has been used investigationally to inhibit postpartum lactation and engorgement by reducing serum prolactin concentrations. The effect on prolactin levels, engorgement and lactation appears to be dose and duration related. Oral dosages of 3 mg daily for 4 days or 0.5 mg three times daily were ineffective, whereas oral dosages of 8 to 12 mg over 24 to 30 hours were effective. These effects seem to be limited to the first few days postpartum; dinoprostone had no effect on serum prolactin or milk production when given to women 30 days postpartum. Compared to oral bromocriptine 2.5 mg every 12 hours for 14 days, dinoprostone 12 mg orally in divided doses over 30 hours was as effective as bromocriptine, but resulted in less rebound breast tenderness.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
蛋白质结合
主要与血浆中的白蛋白(81%结合)和较少程度的α-球蛋白IV-4组分(55%结合)结合。
Bound in plasma primarily to albumin (81% bound) and to a lesser extent alpha-globulin IV-4 fraction (55% bound).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
吸收
前列地尔片的绝对生物利用度尚未确定。
The absolute bioavailability of alprostadil has not been determined.
Alprostadil must be infused continuously because it is very rapidly metabolized. As much as 80% of the circulating alprostadil may be metabolized in one pass through the lungs, primarily by β- and ω-oxidation. The metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidney, and excretion is essentially complete within 24 hours after administration.
The Meyer–Schuster rearrangement: a new synthetic strategy leading to prostaglandins and their drug analogs, Bimatoprost and Latanoprost
摘要:
Gold(I) mediated Meyer Schuster rearrangement for the installation of the 'lower' side chain of prostaglandins and their analogs has been developed. This Au-mediated rearrangement, featuring a low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions, has been demonstrated to be an efficient alternative to the standard Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction in prostaglandin chemistry. Moreover, the present results provide a new synthetic process leading to pharmacologically active prostanoids: Latanoprost and Bimatoprost, that continue to hold key positions in the anti-glaucoma drug market. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Substituted 1,3-thiazole compounds, their production and use
申请人:——
公开号:US20040053973A1
公开(公告)日:2004-03-18
(1) A 1,3-thiazole compound of which the 5-position is substituted with a 4-pyridyl group having a substituent including no aromatic group or (2) a 1,3-thiazole compound of which the 5-position is substituted with a pyridyl group having at the position adjacent to a nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group a substituent including no aromatic group has an excellent p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity.
[EN] ARGINASE INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS D'ARGINASE ET PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION
申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
公开号:WO2019177873A1
公开(公告)日:2019-09-19
Described herein are compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of Formula I act as arginase inhibitors and can be useful in preventing, treating or acting as a remedial agent for arginase-related diseases.
A JNK inhibitor containing a compound having an isoquinolinone skeleton or a salt thereof, such as a compound represented by the formula
wherein ring A and ring B are each an optionally substituted benzene ring, X is -O-, -N=, -NR3- or -CHR3-, R2 is an acyl group, an optionally esterified or thioesterified carboxyl group, an optionally substituted carbamoyl group or an optionally substituted amino group and the like, a broken line shows a single bond or a double bond, and R1 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group and the like, and the like.
Prodrugs Of Bicyclic Substituted Pyrimidine Type PDE-5 Inhibitors
申请人:XUANZHU PHARMA CO., LTD.
公开号:US20160046654A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-18
Provided are prodrugs of a bicyclic substituted pyrimidine type PDE-5 inhibitors, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof. Also provided are methods for preparing these prodrug compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, and pharmaceutical compositions, as well as a use of these compounds, pharmaceutical preparations and pharmaceutical compositions in the manufacture of medicaments for treatment and/or prophylaxis of sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms.
The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), useful for treating disorders mediated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor IB (5-HT1B), e.g. vascular disorders, cancer and CNS disorders. The invention also provides methods of treating such disorders, and compounds and compositions etc. for their treatment.