In man, dydrogesterone is completely metabolised. The main metabolite of dydrogesterone is 20alpha-dihydrodydrogesterone (DHD) and is present in the urine predominantly as the glucuronic acid conjugate. A common feature of all metabolites characterized is the retention of the 4,6 diene-3-one configuration of the parent compound and the absence of 17alpha-hydroxylation. This explains the absence of estrogenic and androgenic activity.
Dydrogesterone is not excreted in urine as pregnanediol, like progesterone. Analysis of endogenous progesterone production based on pregnanediol excretion therefore remains possible.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W /SRP: "保持开放"，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸林格氏液。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。 /Poisons A and B/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a three-month continuous administration of oral E2, alone, or combined with 2 different dosages of dydrogesterone, on the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. In a prospective placebo-controlled study, 43 normal weight and normoinsulinemic women were randomized to receive either 2 mg of oral 17beta E2 daily (group A), or 2 mg E2 daily plus 5 mg daily oral dydrogesterone, from day 14 to 28, in a sequentially combined regimen (group B), or 2 mg of E2 and 10 mg dydrogesterone in the same sequentially combined regimen (group C) or placebo for 12 weeks. An OGTT and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed before and after treatment. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured both in fasting conditions and after OGTT. C-peptide pancreatic secretion was tested only in fasting conditions. Total body glucose utilization (M), for insulin sensitivity evaluation, was determined in each subject. Postmenopausal women treated with unopposed 17beta E2 (group A) showed a slight but statistically significant decrease of insulin sensitivity (p<0.05). A more marked deterioration of the same parameter was observed in the 2 groups treated with E2 plus dydrogesterone (group B and group C: p<0.01). Post hoc testing for the percent change from baseline indicated that group A significantly differed from group C (p<0.05) and all treated groups significantly differed from the placebo group (p<0.01). Finally, after treatment in group C, a significant reduction of insulin and an increase of glucose responses to OGTT (p<0.01) were observed. These results indicate that, in a short-term period, the use of 17beta E2 and overall 17beta E2 plus dydrogesterone, even with the reduction of insulin plasma levels, might cause a decrease in insulin sensitivity in normal weight and normoinsulinemic post-menopausal women.
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Both estradiol and dydrogesterone are substances with low toxicity. Theoretically, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sleepiness and dizziness could occur in cases of overdosing. It is unlikely that any specific or symptomatic treatment will be necessary.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
吸收
在胃肠道中迅速吸收，生物利用度为28%。
Rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract with a bioavailability of 28%.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
口服标记的炔诺酮后，平均有63%的剂量被排入尿液中。在72小时内，排泄完成。
After oral administration of labelled dydrogesterone, on average 63% of the dose is excreted into the urine. Within 72 hours, excretion is complete.
After oral administration of dydrogesterone, plasma concentrations of DHD are substantially higher as compared to the parent drug. The AUC and Cmax ratios of DHD to dydrogesterone are in the order of 40 and 25, respectively. Dydrogesterone is rapidly absorbed. The Tmax values of dydrogesterone and DHD vary between 0.5 and 2.5 hours.
The dihydrodydrogesterone Caverage is 13 ng/mL, the Cmin is 4.1 ng/mL and the Cmax is 63 ng/mL. The dydrogesterone Caverage is 0.38 ng/mL the Cmin is <0.1 ng/mL and the Cmax is 2.5 ng/mL.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
孕酮据报告会分布到乳汁中。乳汁中的孕酮对哺乳婴儿可能产生的影响尚未确定。/孕酮一般声明/
Progestins are reportedly distributed into milk. The possible effects of progestins in milk on nursing infants have not been determined. /Progestins General Statement/
Dibenzyl amine compounds and derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in some mammals, including humans.
[EN] AMINE-LINKED C3-GLUTARIMIDE DEGRONIMERS FOR TARGET PROTEIN DEGRADATION<br/>[FR] DÉGRONIMÈRES DE C3-GLUTARIMIDE LIÉS À UNE AMINE POUR LA DÉGRADATION DE PROTÉINES CIBLES
申请人：C4 THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号：WO2017197051A1
公开（公告）日：2017-11-16
This invention provides amine-linked C3-glutarimide Degronimers and Degrons for therapeutic applications as described further herein, and methods of use and compositions thereof as well as methods for their preparation.
[EN] C3-CARBON LINKED GLUTARIMIDE DEGRONIMERS FOR TARGET PROTEIN DEGRADATION<br/>[FR] DÉGRONIMÈRES DE TYPE GLUTARIMIDE LIÉS AU CARBONE C3 POUR LA DÉGRADATION DE PROTÉINES CIBLES
申请人：C4 THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号：WO2017197046A1
公开（公告）日：2017-11-16
This invention provides Degronimers that have carbon-linked E3 Ubiquitin Ligase targeting moieties (Degrons), which can be linked to a targeting ligand for a protein that has been selected for in vivo degradation, and methods of use and compositions thereof as well as methods for their preparation.
[EN] 1,2,4-SUBSTITUERTE 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-AND 1,2 DIHYDRO-QUINOLINE AND 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES AS CETP INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND OBESITY<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO- ET 1,2 DIHYDRO-QUINOLEINE ET 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-QUINOXALINE 1,2,4-SUBSTITUES, UTILES COMME INHIBITEURS DE CETP POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE L'ATHEROSCLEROSE ET DE L'OBESITE
申请人：PFIZER PROD INC
公开号：WO2004085401A1
公开（公告）日：2004-10-07
Quinoline and quinoxaline compounds of formula I and III wherein the subtituent are as defined in claims 1 and 15, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in some mammals, including humans.
[EN] PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COMPLEMENT MEDIATED DISORDERS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS PHARMACEUTIQUES POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES MÉDIÉS PAR LE COMPLÉMENT
申请人：ACHILLION PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号：WO2020198062A1
公开（公告）日：2020-10-01
This disclosure provides pharmaceutical compounds to treat medical disorders, such as complement-mediated disorders, including complement Cl -mediated disorders.
