Inhibition by active site directed covalent modification of human glyoxalase I
摘要:
The glyoxalase pathway is responsible for conversion of cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) to D-lactate. MG toxicity arises from its ability to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on proteins, lipids and DNA. Studies have shown that inhibitors of glyoxalase I (GLO1), the first enzyme of this pathway, have chemotherapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, presumably by increasing intracellular MG concentrations leading to apoptosis and cell death. Here, we present the first molecular inhibitor, 4-bromoacetoxy-1-(S-glutathionyl)-acetoxy butane (4BAB), able to covalently bind to the free sulfhydryl group of Cys60 in the hydrophobic binding pocket adjacent to the enzyme active site and partially inactivate the enzyme. Our data suggests that partial inactivation of homodimeric GLO1 is due to the modification at only one of the enzymatic active sites. Although this molecule may have limited use pharmacologically, it may serve as an important template for the development of new GLO1 inhibitors that may combine this strategy with ones already reported for high affinity GLO1 inhibitors, potentially improving potency and specificity. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
本文研究了四种具有相同烃链长度但间隔基不同的新型阳离子双子表面活性剂。合成了这些阳离子双子表面活性剂后,已通过适当的光谱方法对它们的结构进行了表征。通过确定它们的克拉夫特温度,已经研究了间隔物类型和结构对克拉夫特温度的影响。已经在高于确定的Krafft温度的温度下研究了阳离子双子表面活性剂的胶束化行为。临界胶束浓度(cmc),抗衡离子结合度(β),抗衡离子解离度(α)和标准焓变(ΔH mic o),标准吉布斯自由能变化(ΔG mic o),并已计算出阳离子双子表面活性剂胶束化的标准熵变(ΔS mic o)。这些表面活性剂的增溶能力已经根据摩尔增溶比(MSR)进行了评估。另外,已经测量了乳化能力。
Inactivators and bivalent inhibitors of glyoxalase i and methods inhibiting tumor growth
申请人:Creighton J. Donald
公开号:US20070129311A1
公开(公告)日:2007-06-07
Compounds comprising two human GlxI inhibitors covalently linked via a chemical linker are provided, wherein each of said two human GlxI inhibitors, which may be the same or different, is an S-substituted glutathione or an S-substituted glutathione prodrug, wherein said GlxI inhibitors each have a γ-glutamyl amino group, wherein said chemical linker is covalently bound to each GlxI inhibitor via said γ-glutamyl amino group, and wherein said chemical linker has a length of at least 50 Angstroms. Monovalent irreversible inactivators of human GlxI are also provided. An antineoplastic composition is provided, which comprises a compound described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In vitro and in vivo methods of preventing or inhibiting the growth and proliferation of neoplastic cells and/or tumors are also provided.