iodoethane and silver(I) oxide in dichloromethane. This sulfonimidate directly ethylates various acids to esters; the stronger the acid, the faster it alkylates and in higher yield. It readily ethylates alcohols and phenols to ethers at room temperature in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid catalyst without molecular rearrangements or racemization. We have defined these reactions as SNAAP alkylations:
To provide a delicious soft candy giving a mint-based feeling of coolness. Provided is a soft candy including 2.0% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less of oil or fat, and 0.2% by weight or more and less than 3.0% by weight of L-menthol and its derivative in terms of the solid content.
Recent research on student learning has revealed that a number of students in any learning context are unable to distinguish between contrasting contextualised approaches to learning. In other words, the relationship between their perceptions of the learning context and their approaches to learning disintegrates and becomes incoherent. These students are observed to be among the lower academic achievers in their group. This paper reports on the results of a study which shows that physics students' prior understandings of key concepts are systematically related to the way they approach their studies, their perceptions of the learning context and the quality of the outcomes of their studies. As with previous studies, one group reported disintegrated learning experiences. As a group they were found to have the poorest pre-conceptual knowledge, to have the poorest post-conceptual knowledge, and to be the lowest achievers. These results are consistent with the earlier studies, but extend them by showing that disintegrated perceptions and approaches are related to students understanding before and after the subject as determined using qualitative indicators of understanding as well as assessment results.