(R)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanenitrile | 131319-89-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: (R)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanenitrile
• 英文别名: (R)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionitrile；(R,S)-2-(4-Isobutyl-phenyl)-propionitrile；(2R)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanenitrile
• CAS: 131319-89-6
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₇N
• 分子量: 187.285
• InChiKey: PKQKHWNHCKNYSW-NSHDSACASA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.7
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.46
• 拓扑面积：
  23.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (R)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanenitrile 在 盐酸 作用下， 以 水 、 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 2.5h， 生成 5-{(1R)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl}-1H-tetrazole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Retention of stereochemistry in the microwave assisted synthesis of 1H-tetrazole bioisosteric moiety from chiral phenyl-acetic acid derivatives

  摘要：

  Chiral substituted phenylethyl-1H-tetrazoles were built-up from the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives by a useful three-step synthesis. The procedure, that preserves the chiral center from racemization, was successfully applied to a selection of several hit compounds by conversion of the carboxylic acid moiety to the nitrile derivatives and subsequent reaction with trimethylstannyl azide, under microwave conditions. A useful application to the corresponding tetrazole analogue has been found also in the conversion of the aminoacidic moiety like (R)-N-Cbz-phenylglycine showing a wide potential synthetic application. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.022
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  苯乙酰胺,a-甲基-4-(2-甲基丙基)-,(S)- 在 三乙胺 、 三氯乙酰氯 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 1.25h， 生成 (R)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanenitrile
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Retention of stereochemistry in the microwave assisted synthesis of 1H-tetrazole bioisosteric moiety from chiral phenyl-acetic acid derivatives

  摘要：

  Chiral substituted phenylethyl-1H-tetrazoles were built-up from the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives by a useful three-step synthesis. The procedure, that preserves the chiral center from racemization, was successfully applied to a selection of several hit compounds by conversion of the carboxylic acid moiety to the nitrile derivatives and subsequent reaction with trimethylstannyl azide, under microwave conditions. A useful application to the corresponding tetrazole analogue has been found also in the conversion of the aminoacidic moiety like (R)-N-Cbz-phenylglycine showing a wide potential synthetic application. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.022

文献信息

• Microbial hydrolysis as a potent method for the preparation of optically active nitriles, amides and carboxylic acids
  作者：Hideaki Kakeya、Naoko Sakai、Takeshi Sugai、Hiromichi Ohta

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79663-8

  日期：1991.3

  Many kinds of aromatic nitriles have been hydrolyzed to afford the corresponding amides and carboxylic acids, by the aid of enzyme system of Rhodococcus butanica. This enzymatic hydrolysis can be successfully applied to the kinetic resolution of α-arylpropionitriles, resulting in the formation of (R)-amides and (S)-carboxylic acids.

  借助于丁酸红球菌的酶系统，已经将多种芳族腈水解成相应的酰胺和羧酸。该酶促水解可成功地应用于α-芳基丙腈的动力学拆分，从而导致形成（R）-酰胺和（S）-羧酸。
• Dual electrocatalysis enables enantioselective hydrocyanation of conjugated alkenes
  作者：Lu Song、Niankai Fu、Brian G. Ernst、Wai Hang Lee、Michael O. Frederick、Robert A. DiStasio、Song Lin

  DOI：10.1038/s41557-020-0469-5

  日期：2020.8

  Chiral nitriles and their derivatives are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Enantioselective alkene hydrocyanation represents a convenient and efficient approach for synthesizing these molecules. However, a generally applicable method featuring a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance remains elusive. Here, we address this long-standing synthetic problem using

  手性腈及其衍生物普遍存在于药物和生物活性化合物中。对映选择性烯烃氢氰化代表了合成这些分子的方便而有效的方法。然而，具有广泛的底物范围和高的官能团耐受性的普遍适用的方法仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们使用双重电催化技术解决了这一长期存在的合成问题。使用这种策略，我们利用电化学技术无缝地结合了两个规范的自由基反应（钴介导的氢原子转移和铜促进的自由基氰化），无需化学计量的氧化剂即可实现高度对映选择性的氢氰化。我们还利用电化学精确控制电位的独特功能来优化具有挑战性的底物的化学选择性。计算分析揭示了对映体诱导的起源，为此，手性催化剂结合了吸引性和排斥性非共价相互作用的组合，以指导对映体确定C-CN键的形成。这项工作展示了电化学在进入新的化学领域并为合成化学中的相关挑战提供解决方案方面的力量。
• Enantioselective Olefin Hydrocyanation without Cyanide
  作者：Alexander W. Schuppe、Gustavo M. Borrajo-Calleja、Stephen L. Buchwald

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.9b10875

  日期：2019.11.27

  The enantioselective hydrocyanation of olefins represents a conceptually straightforward approach to prepare enantiomerically enriched nitriles. These, in turn, comprise or are intermediates in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals and their synthetic derivatives. Herein, we report a cyanide-free dual Pd/CuH-catalyzed protocol for the asymmetric Markovnikov hydrocyanation of vinyl arenes and the anti-Markovnikov

  烯烃的对映选择性氢氰化代表了一种概念上简单的制备对映体富集腈的方法。这些反过来又包含或是许多药物及其合成衍生物的合成中间体。在此，我们报告了一种无氰化物双 Pd/CuH 催化方案，用于乙烯基芳烃的不对称 Markovnikov 氢氰化和末端烯烃的反 Markovnikov 氢氰化，其中恶唑用作腈等价物。在最初的加氢芳基化过程之后，使用 [4+2]/retro-[4+2] 序列解构恶唑亚结构，在温和的反应条件下提供对映体富集的腈产物。
• Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation Employing Cooperative Photoredox Catalysis and Copper Catalysis
  作者：Dinghai Wang、Na Zhu、Pinhong Chen、Zhenyang Lin、Guosheng Liu

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.7b09802

  日期：2017.11.8

  The merger of photoredox catalysis with asymmetric copper catalysis have been realized to convert achiral carboxylic acids into enantiomerically enriched alkyl nitriles. Under mild reaction conditions, the reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, high yields and high enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the reaction can be scaled up to synthesize key chiral intermediates to bioactive compounds.

  已经实现了光氧化还原催化与不对称铜催化的合并，以将非手性羧酸转化为对映异构体富集的烷基腈。在温和的反应条件下，反应表现出较宽的底物范围，高收率和高对映选择性。此外，该反应可以扩大规模以合成关键的手性中间体为生物活性化合物。
• Asymmetric Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Vinylarenes by Applying Homochiral Xantphos Ligands
  作者：Wolfgang Goertz、Paul C. J. Kamer、Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen、Dieter Vogt

  DOI：10.1002/1521-3765(20010417)7:8<1614::aid-chem16140>3.0.co;2-e

  日期：2001.4.17

  xantphos-type diphosphonite ligands with binaphthoxy substituents have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. These ligands have been applied in the nickel-catalyzed hydrocyanation of styrene and other vinylarenes. Enantioselectivities up to 63% ee have been obtained by using 4-isobutylstyrene as a substrate. Addition of an excess of ligand strongly inhibits the hydrocyanation reaction since the

  已经制备了具有双萘氧基取代基的新型同手性黄磷型二亚膦酸酯配体，并通过 NMR 光谱对其进行了表征。这些配体已应用于镍催化的苯乙烯和其他乙烯基芳烃的氢氰化反应。通过使用 4-异丁基苯乙烯作为底物，已获得高达 63% ee 的对映选择性。添加过量的配体会强烈抑制氢氰化反应，因为形成的双螯合镍配合物高度稳定且无催化活性。