Application of<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-Tetrasubstituted 1,3-Bis(4-aminophenyl)azulenes to Hole-injecting Materials for Durable Organic EL Devices without Color Fade
The title 1,3-bis(aminophenyl)azulenes were synthesized from 1,3-dihaloazulene in two steps involving the Suzuki cross-coupling with 4-bromophenylboronic acid and subsequent Pd-catalyzed amination. Their HOMO energy levels were estimated to be comparable to that of the widely used hole-injecting (HI) material, copper phthalocyanine. The application of these diamines to HL materials in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices was also studied as non-cyanine and non-polyamine substance.
Synthesis of N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)azulenes and their application to a hole-injecting material in organic electroluminescent devices
After a preliminary search of the reaction conditions for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of haloazulenes with arylboronic acids, the title compounds were synthesized either by the direct coupling reaction between 1,3-dihaloazulene and the corresponding N,N-disubstituted 4-aminophenylboronic acids or by a two-step sequence involving the cross-coupling with 4-bromophenylboronic acid and subsequent Pd-catalyzed amination. Application of the title diamines to a hole-injecting material in organic electroluminescent devices was carried out to provide their prominent characteristics as a novel durable, non-cyanine and non-polyamine substance without color fade. The diamine derivatives, extended by an ethynyl unit between the azulenyl core and the 4-aminophenyl moiety, were also synthesized and found, unfortunately, unsuitable for vacuum deposition in preparing a multilayer composite. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.