Flash Photolysis of 1,3-Dichloro-1,3-diphenylpropane in Polar Solvents: Generation of a Stabilized γ-Chloropropyl Cation, Subsequent Formation of a Propenyl Cation, and Nucleophilic Trapping of Both Cations
摘要:
Photolysis of 1,3-dichloro-1,3-diphenylpropane (1) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 266 nm leads to a gamma-chloropropyl cation (2a) following loss of chloride ion. Kinetic evidence has been obtained for the interconversion between the open chain cation and the corresponding cyclic chloronium ion (2b); thermal loss of hydrogen chloride gives the 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl cation (3). The formation of this species occurs through a monophotonic process; the involvement of a two-photon process in the photoheterolysis of dihalide 1 has been ruled ou-e by studying the formation of cation 3 from 1 at different laser intensities. The lack of power dependence implies that 3-chloro-1,3-diphenylpropene (4) is not an intermediate in the photoheterolysis of dihalide 1. The reaction of both cationic intermediates (2 and 3) with different nucleophiles has also been examined. Finally, two-laser two-photon experiments have allowed the study of the photoisomerization of E,E-3 into Z,E-3.
Arylcyclopropanes readily react with nitrosyl chloride in liquid sulfur dioxide to give the corresponding 5-aryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles in good yield. The reaction is most selective at -40 to -50degreesC; at higher temperature, the contribution of side processes becomes appreciable. The complete conversion of arylcyclopropanes containing donor substituents is attained with the use of 1.5 equiv of nitrosyl chloride, while the rate of the transformation of compounds with nonactivated aromatic rings considerably increases on raising the molar ratio NOCl-arylcyclopropane.
Laserphotolysis of the title compound leads to two-photon processes indicating the involvement of the 1,3-diphenylpropanediyl biradical (12) and the 1,3-diphenylallyl radical (10).
Lewis Acid Mediated Reactions of Aldehydes with Styrene Derivatives: Synthesis of 1,3-Dihalo-1,3-diarylpropanes and 3-Chloro-1,3-diarylpropanols
作者:George W. Kabalka、Zhongzhi Wu、Yuhong Ju、Min-Liang Yao
DOI:10.1021/jo051298k
日期:2005.12.1
The reactions of aryl aldehydes with styrene derivatives, mediated by various boron Lewis acids, were investigated. 1,3-Dihalo-1,3-diarylpropanes were obtained in high yields with boron trihalides, while 3-chloro-1,3-diarylpropanols were obtained in good to excellent yields with phenylboron dichloride. Reactions involving nonenolizable aliphatic aldehydes, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and β-substituted styrenes
Microwave-assisted cyclocondensation of hydrazine derivatives with alkyl dihalides or ditosylates in aqueous media: syntheses of pyrazole, pyrazolidine and phthalazine derivatives
作者:Yuhong Ju、Rajender S. Varma
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.018
日期:2005.9
Direct syntheses of 4,5-dihydro-pyrazole, pyrazolidine, and 1,2-dihydro-phthalazine derivatives via double-alkylation of hydrazines by alkyl dihalides or ditosylates were accomplished in aqueous media under microwave irradiation conditions; the environmentally friendlier chemical transformation occurred in a single step and eliminated the use of expensive metal catalysts in building two C–N bonds.
Boron trihalide-promoted addition of aryl aldehydes to styrenes. A new convenient and highly efficient synthesis of 1,3-dihalo-1,3-diarylpropanes
作者:George W Kabalka、Zhongzhi Wu、Yuhong Ju
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01125-x
日期:2001.8
Reactions of aryl aldehydes with styrenes in the presence of borontrichloride in CH2Cl2 at 0°C produce 1,3-dichloro-1,3-diarylpropanes in excellent yields. Reactions carried out using boron tribromide generate the corresponding 1,3-dibromo-1,3-diarylpropane in good yields.