柠檬酸铵 | 3458-72-8

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 有机金属盐
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 柠檬酸铵
• 中文别名: 柠檬酸铵盐；柠檬酸三铵；2-羟基-1,2,3-丙三羧酸铵盐；枸橼酸铵
• 英文名称: ammonium citrate
• 英文别名: triammonium citrate；ammonium citrate tribasic；Monoammonium citrate；azanium;hydron;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
• CAS: 3458-72-8；7632-50-0；3012-65-5
• 化学式: C₆H₈O₇*3H₃N
• 分子量: 243.217
• InChiKey: BWKOZPVPARTQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  185 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• 沸点：
  100 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  1.22 g/mL at 20 °C
• 蒸气密度：
  1.8 (vs air)
• 溶解度：
  H2O:1 Mat 20 °C,透明，无色
• 最大波长(λmax)：
  λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.05λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.03
• LogP：
  -2.840
• 物理描述：
  Liquid
• 稳定性/保质期：
  以下是按照要求润色后的文本： - 遵照规定使用和储存，则不会分解。 - 水溶液呈弱酸性。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.21
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  136
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

研究探讨了饮食中柠檬酸铵和静脉注射乳酸钠在大鼠体内的代谢命运。结果显示，在大范围的浓度下，尿素合成占所施用氨的几乎恒定比例。除了谷氨酰胺和尿素外，标记的氮也出现在肌酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸中。... 对未经处理和生长激素处理的、垂体切除的大鼠的肝、心、肾、脾和肌肉部分中来自柠檬酸铵的(15)N的掺入进行了检查，并发现根据给药途径的不同，代谢命运也有所差异。皮下注射促进了酰胺氮的标记，表明通过谷氨酰胺合成的广泛分布。相比之下，灌胃或腹膜内给药导致肝精氨酸、谷氨酸和其他α-氨基酸的标记。酰胺氮的标记程度远低于皮下注射。标记的分布也根据进入途径的不同而有所差异。/柠檬酸铵/

Results of studies on the metabolic fate of dietary ammonium citrate and intravenously-administered ammonium lactate in rats showed that urea synthesis represented a nearly constant fraction of the administered ammonia over a large concentration range. Besides glutamine and urea, labelled nitrogen also appeared in creatine, glycine, alanine, proline, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. ...The incorporation of (15)N from ammonium citrate into proteins of liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and muscle fractions of untreated and growth hormone-treated, hypophysectomized rats /was examined/, and found differences in the metabolic fate, depending on the route of administration. Subcutaneous injection facilitated the labelling of amide nitrogen, indicating extensive disposition via glutamine synthesis. In contrast, intragastric or intraperitoneal administration resulted in the labelling of arginine, glutamic acid, and other alpha-amino acids of the liver. Amide-nitrogen was labelled to a much lesser extent than by the subcutaneous route. The tissue distribution of the label also differed according to the route of entry. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

L-蛋氨酸和甜菜碱HCl被发现可以缓解由过量L-谷氨酸引起的雏鸡生长抑制。过量的L-蛋氨酸对L-谷氨酸和 diammonium citrate引起的生长抑制具有保护作用，反之，补充L-丝氨酸和甲酸钠并不能防止谷氨酸或精氨酸引起的生长抑制。结果与假设一致，即高水平的膳食蛋白质和单一氨基酸的过量氮会增加对预成甲基组的需求。

L-methionine and betaine HCl were found to alleviate the growth depression /in chicks/ caused by excessive levels of L-glutamic acid. Excessive levels of L-methionine had a protective effect against growth depression caused by L-glutamate and diammonium citrate, and conversely, supplementary L-serine and sodium formate were not protective against glutamic acid- or arginine-induced growth depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the preformed methyl group requirement is increased by high levels of dietary protein and excessive nitrogen from a single amino acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。必要时进行抽吸。观察呼吸不足的迹象，并在必要时协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿的迹象，并在必要时进行治疗……。监测休克的迹象，并在必要时进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽，有强烈的咳嗽反射，并且不流口水，则冲洗口腔并给予5毫克/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。不要尝试中和。/氨及其相关化合物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于昏迷、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿...。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇...。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...。开始静脉输注D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常血容量时出现低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意液体过载的迹象...。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/氨及其相关化合物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

征兆与症状：尘埃：刺激眼睛、鼻子和喉咙；如果吸入，会引起咳嗽或呼吸困难。固态：刺激皮肤和眼睛。

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dust: irritating to eyes, nose and throat; if inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: irritating to skin and eyes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：急性暴露/ 使用大量氯化铵、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、扁桃酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐等，可能会出现足够的吸收，产生利尿和系统性氨中毒，尤其是如果该物质通过 parenterally（非口服途径，例如注射）给药。/柠檬酸铵/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ With large doses of ammonium chloride, nitrate, acetate, bicarbonate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, phosphate, sulfate, etc, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce a diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if the material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

柠檬酸铵（15）N的分布，通过不同途径给药，进入垂体切除大鼠各种组织的蛋白质中/进行了检查/。在胃内、腹腔内和皮下给药15N-柠檬酸铵后的72小时内，肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中蛋白质结合的（15）N浓度高于心脏或肌肉部分。在最初的6小时内，胃内给药途径给出了更高的值，此后，进入肝脏蛋白质的（15）N量并未受到给药途径的显著影响。然而，在大多数其他研究中，通过胃内给药途径的（15）N结合倾向最小，其次是腹腔内和皮下给药途径，后者使更多的标记氨明显地提供给广泛分布的谷氨酰胺合成酶（EC 6.3.1.2）系统。/柠檬酸铵/

...The distribution of (15)N from ammonium citrate, administered by different routes, into the proteins of various tissues of hypophysectomized rats /was examined/. The liver, kidney, and spleen contained greater concentrations of (15)N incorporated into proteins than heart or muscle fractions during 72 hr following intragastric, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous administration of 15N-ammonium citrate. After the first 6 hr, during which the intragastric route gave higher values, the quantity of (15)N incorporated into liver-protein was not substantially affected by the route of administration. In most of the other tissues studied, however, (15)N incorporation tended to be least by the intragastric route, followed, in increasing order, by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. By the last route, more labelled ammonia was apparently made available to the widely distributed glutamine-synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) system. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38,R36/37
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29181500
• 危险品运输编号：
  NONH for all modes of transport
• RTECS号：
  GE7545000
• 危险标志：
  GHS07
• 危险性描述：
  H315,H319,H335
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P305 + P351 + P338

SDS

Name:	Ammonium Citrate Dibasic Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Ammonium monohydrogen citrate; citric acid diammonium salt; diammonium citrate; diammonium hydrogen citratae; dibasic ammonium ci
CAS:	3012-65-5

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Ammonium Citrate Dibasic Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Ammonium monohydrogen citrate; citric acid diammonium salt; diammonium citrate; diammonium hydrogen citratae; dibasic ammonium ci

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
3012-65-5	Ammonium Citrate Dibasic	100	221-146-3

Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases: 36/37/38

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Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye irritation. May cause cataracts and atrophy of the retina and iris. May cause severe and immediate pain followed by conjunctival edema and corneal clouding.
Skin:
May cause severe irritation and possible burns.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Inhalation:
May cause cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood). Causes respiratory tract irritation.
Inhalation of high concentrations can cause swelling of the lips and conjunctiva, temporary blindness, chest tightness, rapid and weak pulse, and pulmonary edema.
Chronic:
No information found.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:
Absorption of this product into the body may cause cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood).
Moderate degrees of cyanosis need to be treated only by supportive measures: bed rest and oxygen inhalation. For methemoglobinemia, administer oxygen alone or with Methylene Blue depending on the methemoglobin concentration in the blood. Cleansing of the entire contaminated area of the body is of utmost importance.

---

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Extinguishing Media:
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions.
Provide ventilation.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 3012-65-5: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

---

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Solid
Color: white
Odor: ammonia-like - weak odor
pH: 4.8-5.3 (5% soln)
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: Decomposes.
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Solubility in water: Soluble in water.
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.5
Molecular Formula: (NH4)2C6H6O7
Molecular Weight: 226.1072

---

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, dust generation, excess heat, strong oxidants.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizers.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3).
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 3012-65-5 unlisted.
LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Ammonium Citrate Dibasic - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Products which are considered hazardous for supply are classified as Special Waste and the disposal of such chemicals is covered by regulations which may vary according to location. Contact a specialist disposal company or the local waste regulator for advice. Empty containers must be decontaminated before returning for recycling.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
IMO
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing group:
USA RQ: CAS# 3012-65-5: 5000 lb final RQ; 2270 kg final RQ

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases:
R 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system
and skin.
Safety Phrases:
S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 3012-65-5: 1
Canada
CAS# 3012-65-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 3012-65-5 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 3012-65-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

用途
用作分析试剂和缓冲剂，还可测定肥料中的磷酸盐、防锈以及作为增塑剂。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  柠檬酸铵 反应 2.0h， 生成 甲烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Ultra-small nanoparticles of MgTi₂O₅ embedded in carbon rods with superior rate performance for sodium ion batteries

  摘要：

  将超小的MgTi2O5纳米颗粒限制在碳中被证明是一种有效的方法，用于制造钠离子电池长循环寿命的阳极材料。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c4cc10203g
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  柠檬酸 在 ammonium hydroxide 作用下， 反应 0.5h， 生成 柠檬酸铵
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [EN] A SOLVENT DRYING COMPOSITION AND PROCESSES THERFOR
  [FR] COMPOSITION DE SÉCHAGE PAR SOLVANT ET PROCESSUS ASSOCIÉS

  摘要：

  本公开涉及溶剂干燥组合物及其处理过程。具体而言，本公开涉及一种在使用中从溶剂混合物中释放水的溶剂干燥组合物。本公开还涉及一种用于回收溶剂干燥组合物的过程，更具体地说是用于回收在渗透过程中使用的溶剂干燥组合物的过程。

  公开号：

  WO2020204733A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  异丁酰苯 在 盐酸 、 dipotassium hydrogenphosphate 、 一水合硫酸镁 、 葡萄糖 、 柠檬酸铵 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 64.0h， 以96%的产率得到(R)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  使用全细胞生物催化剂生产对映体富集的手性甲醇

  摘要：

  摘要 酮的生物催化不对称还原是生产手性甲醇的有效方法。该研究表明，不同酮类 ( 1-8 ) 以低至高选择性 (0->99%)选择性生物还原为它们各自的 ( R )-醇 ( 1a-8a )，产率良好 (11-96%)。在这项工作中，研究了开菲尔乳杆菌P2的全细胞催化的各种前手性酮的对映选择性还原。( R )-4-Phenyl-2-butanol 2a，用作抗高血压药和解痉药（抗癫痫药）的前体，使用L kefiri获得P2 转化率为 99%，对映体过量 (ee) 为 91%。此外，2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one 底物8（含有支链烷基链且难以用化学催化剂作为对映选择性的不对称还原）生物还原为 ( R )-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-对映体纯形式的ol (8a)以优异的产率(96％)进行。进行克级生产，以96％的收率获得9.70g对映体纯形式的(

  DOI：

  10.1080/10242422.2020.1837782

文献信息

• Imaging compounds, methods of making imaging compounds, methods of imaging, therapeutic compounds, methods of making therapeutic compounds, and methods of therapy
  申请人：Chen Xiaoyuan

  公开号：US20080267882A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-10-30

  Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for RGD compounds that include a multimeric RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp)) peptide, methods of making the RGD compound, pharmaceutical compositions including RGD compound, methods of using the RGD compositions or the pharmaceutical compositions including RGD compositions, methods of diagnosing and/or targeting angiogenesis related disease and related biological events, kits for diagnosing and/or targeting angiogenesis related disease and related biological events, and the like. In addition, the present disclosure includes compositions used in and methods relating to non-invasive imaging (e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) imaging) of the RGD compounds in vivo.

  本公开的实施例提供了包括多聚体RGD（精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（Arg-Gly-Asp））肽的RGD化合物，制备RGD化合物的方法，包括RGD化合物的药物组合物，使用RGD组合物或包括RGD组合物的药物组合物的方法，诊断和/或靶向血管生成相关疾病和相关生物事件的方法，用于诊断和/或靶向血管生成相关疾病和相关生物事件的试剂盒等。此外，本公开还包括用于体内非侵入性成像（例如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像）的RGD化合物的成分和方法。
• [EN] NOVEL AGENTS TARGETING CYP51<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX AGENTS CIBLANT CYP51
  申请人：SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST

  公开号：WO2015048306A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-04-02

  The invention provides inhibitors of a sterol C14-demethylase, a new series of 4- aminopyridyl-based lead inhibitors targeting Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51 (TcCYP51) developed using structure-based drug design as well as structure -property relationship (SPR) analyses. The screening hit starting point, LP 10 (KD < 42 nM; EC50 of 0.65 μΜ), has been optimized to give the potential leads that have low nanomolar binding affinity to TcCYP51 and significant activity against T. cruzi amastigotes cultured in human myoblasts. Many of the optimized compounds have improved microsome stability, and most are selective against the T. cruzi CYP51 relative to human CYPs 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4 (<50% inhibition at 1 μΜ). A rationale for the improvement of microsome stability and selectivity of inhibitors against human metabolic CYP enzymes is presented. In addition, the binding mode of several compounds of the invention with the T. brucei CYP51 (TbCYP51) ortholog has been characterized by x-ray structure analysis. Orally active compounds and their cyclodextrin complexes have been shown to be effective against Chagas-infected mice.

  该发明提供了一种甾醇C14-去甲基酶的抑制剂，这是一种新系列基于4-氨基吡啶的首选抑制剂，通过基于结构的药物设计以及结构-性质关系（SPR）分析来瞄准Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51（TcCYP51）而开发的。筛选起始点LP 10（KD < 42 nM；EC50为0.65 μΜ）已经经过优化，产生了具有低纳摩尔级别结合亲和力和对在人类肌细胞培养的T. cruzi游离体的显著活性的潜在首选抑制剂。许多经过优化的化合物具有改善的微粒体稳定性，大多数相对于人类CYPs 1A2、2D6和3A4对T. cruzi CYP51具有选择性（在1 μΜ下<50%的抑制）。提出了改善微粒体稳定性和抑制剂对人类代谢CYP酶的选择性的理由。此外，通过X射线结构分析表征了该发明的几种化合物与T. brucei CYP51（TbCYP51）同源物的结合方式。口服活性化合物及其环糊精复合物已被证明对克氏病感染的小鼠有效。
• NOVEL NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUND OR SALT THEREOF, OR METAL COMPLEX THEREOF
  申请人：FUJIFILM Corporation

  公开号：US20160199520A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-07-14

  The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (1) or a salt thereof, or a complex of the compound or the salt with a metal, in the formula (1), A 1 represents a chelate group; R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; and Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , and Z 5 are the same or different and each represent a nitrogen atom or CR 3 or the like wherein R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or the like; L 1 represents a group represented by the formula (3) wherein R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or the like; L 2 represents an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group; and L 3 represents an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group.

  本发明提供了由式（1）表示的化合物或其盐，或者该化合物或盐与金属形成的络合物，其中在式（1）中，A1代表螯合基团；R1代表氢原子或类似物；R2代表氢原子或类似物；Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5相同或不同，每个代表氮原子或CR3或类似物，其中R3代表氢原子或可选择取代的C1-6烷基基团或类似物；L1代表由式（3）表示的基团，其中R13、R14、R15和R16相同或不同，每个代表氢原子或类似物；L2代表可选择取代的C1-6亚烷基基团；L3代表可选择取代的C1-6亚烷基基团。
• [EN] DUAL-ACTING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS<br/>[FR] AGENTS ANTIHYPERTENSIFS À DOUBLE ACTION
  申请人：THERAVANCE INC

  公开号：WO2009035543A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-03-19

  The invention relates to compounds having the formula: (I) wherein: Ar, r, R3, Z, X, and R5-7 are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have AT1 receptor antagonist activity and neprilysin inhibition activity. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of using such compounds; and process and intermediates for preparing such compounds.

  本发明涉及具有以下公式的化合物：(I) 其中：Ar、r、R3、Z、X和R5-7按说明书定义，或其药用可接受盐。这些化合物具有AT1受体拮抗活性和中性内肽酶抑制活性。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物；使用这些化合物的方法；以及制备这些化合物的过程和中间体。
• NEPRILYSIN INHIBITORS
  申请人：Hughes Adam D.

  公开号：US20130330366A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-12-12

  In one aspect, the invention relates to compounds having the formula XII: where R a , R b , R 2 , R 7 , and X are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds described herein are prodrugs of compounds having neprilysin inhibition activity. In another aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds; methods of using these compounds; and processes and intermediates for preparing these compounds.

  在一方面，本发明涉及具有公式XII的化合物： 其中R a ，R b ，R 2 ，R 7 和X如说明书中所定义，或其药用可接受的盐。所述的化合物是具有中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制活性的化合物的前药。在另一方面，本发明涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物；使用这些化合物的方法；以及制备这些化合物的过程和中间体。

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