Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations with Pinane Hydroperoxide: A Mechanistic Probe To Distinguish between Oxometal and Peroxometal Pathways
摘要:
The relative reactivities of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and pinane hydroperoxide (PHP) in metal (Cr, Mo, Ru, Se, V, and Zr)-catalyzed oxidations were compared. When these oxidations involve rate-limiting oxygen transfer from a peroxometal species to the substrate huge differences between TBHP and PHP were observed, e.g., molybdenum-catalyzed epoxidation of cyclohexene with TBHP gave a 98% yield while PHP gave 0%. When the reaction involves reaction of an oxometal species with the substrate as the rate-limiting step, little or no difference is observed, e.g., the selenium-catalyzed allylic oxidation of beta-pinene gave a 96% and 99% yield with TBHP and PHP, respectively. Small but significant differences are observed when reoxidation of the catalyst by the hydroperoxide to the active oxometal species is the rate-limiting step; e.g., the chromium-catalyzed oxidation of carveol gave carvone in 89% and 24% yield with TBHP and PHP, respectively. Hence, the effect of RO2H structure on rate is dependent on the rate-limiting step.
A four-step process for producing (-)-dihydrochrysanthemolactone from 2-caren-4-one is disclosed. The four steps in order are methylating 2-caren-4-one, oxidizing, methylating the tautomeric mixture resulting from the oxidation, and finally lactonizing the single hydroxy acid resulting from the second methylation. Additionally, three novel intermediate compounds that are produced by the steps in the process are disclosed.
Cobalt- and manganese-substituted ferrites as efficient single-site heterogeneous catalysts for aerobic oxidation of monoterpenic alkenes under solvent-free conditions
Cobalt- and manganese-substituted ferrites were used as heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of various monoterpenic alkenes. The materials were prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, magnetization measurements, and elemental analysis. The results show that isomorphic substitution of iron in the ferrite crystalline structure occurred preferentially at octahedral positions and strongly affected its catalytic properties in the oxidation of monoterpenes. Various valuable oxygenated monoterpenic compounds were obtained with high combined selectivities (75-95%) at ca. 40% substrate conversions. Oxidations of beta-pinene and 3-carene led almost exclusively to allylic mono-oxygenated derivatives, whereas limonene and alpha-pinene gave both epoxides and allylic products. The use of inexpensive catalyst and oxidant, solvent-free conditions, and high final product concentrations (ca. 40 wt%) are significant practical advantages of this environmentally friendly process. The catalysts undergo no metal leaching and can be easily recovered by the application of an external magnet and reused. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pandita, K.; Thappa, R. K.; Agarwal, S. G., Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 1984, vol. 23, # 8, p. 763 - 765
作者:Pandita, K.、Thappa, R. K.、Agarwal, S. G.、Dhar, K. L.、Atal, C. K.
DOI:——
日期:——
BHAT N. G.; PAI P. P.; KULKARNI G. H., CHEM. AND IND., 1981, NO 3, 94-95