Triethyl citrate is hydrolyzed in vivo to citric acid and ethanol. Triethyl citrate appeared to be hydrolyzed at a slower rate with human serum compared to rat serum.
Samples of freshly collected rat or human serum were spiked with triethyl citrate and the disappearance of the triethyl citrate measured over a 4 hr period. Triethyl citrate was rapidly hydrolysed by rat serum (15 min), but hydrolysisoccurred at a much slower rate in human serum and was not complete at the end of the 4 hr test period.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
大鼠、小鼠和人类肝脏匀浆以及血清酶将三乙基柠檬酸盐水解为1摩尔柠檬酸和3摩尔乙醇/摩尔酯。
Rat-, mouse- and human-liver homogenates as well as serum enzymes hydrolyse triethyl citrate to 1 mol citric acid and 3 mol ethanol/mol ester.
/Triethyl citrate/ is expected to be extensively metabolized by esterases and cytochrome P450 enzymes and break-down in the beta-oxidation or citric acid cycle or in cases subsequent glucuronidation. The substance is assumed to be excreted (if not metabolized completely in beta-oxidation and citric cycle) as metabolites (i.e. conjugates with glucuronic acid) via urine and to a lower extent via bile.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Triethyl citrate is a colorless, oily liquid with bitter taste. It is used as solvent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and natural resins, softener, paint removers, agglutinant, perfume base, food additive (not over 0.25%) as an emulsifier and as a flavor-preserving agent. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Triethyl citrate 20% in petrolatum was not a primary irritant or sensitizer in human studies. ANIMAL STUDIES: Triethyl citrate, applied undiluted during epidermal induction, was a strong sensitizer in a guinea pig maximization test. Triethyl citrate 33.3% produced irritation in rabbit eyes. Intravenous administration of a 100 mg/kg bw dose of triethyl citrate to rabbits produced a marked increase in motor activity and respiration. A group of 20 mice given intraperitoneal doses of 350 mg/kg bw of triethyl citrate daily for 14 days had a slightly lower mean growth rate than control animals. No differences were seen in the two groups in erythrocyte and leucocyte blood cell count, clotting time and hemoglobin levels. Examination of the liver, lung and kidney tissues of two animals at necropsy revealed no pathological cellular changes. At doses ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg/kg b.w. triethyl citrate was nonteratogenic in the chicken embryo. Ames test using triethyl citrate (0.4%-1.6%) on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 was negative with and without metabolic activation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
咳嗽。
Cough.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
红色。
Redness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
In order to assess the toxicological behavior of triethyl citrate, the available experimental and predicted physico-chemical data have been evaluated. The substance is expected to be absorbed very well. The absorption of any metabolite of the substances of interest is fast and complete. Concerning the absorption after exposure via inhalation, as the chemical has a low vapor pressure, it is clear, that the substance is poorly available after inhalation. Given its lipophilicity (LogPow 1.17) - if absorbed - it is expected to be absorbed directly across the respiratory tract epithelium. The substance is expected to be also poorly absorbed following dermal exposure into the stratum corneum and to a certain extent into the epidermis, due to its molecular weight and its LogPow. In addition, the systemic toxicity via the skin is assumed to be low and this has been proven with the results of the acute dermal study with triethyl citrate, in which a LD50 of 5000 mg/kg bw has been obtained. Concerning the distribution in the body, triethyl citrate is expected to be mainly available in the circulatory system (due to its water solubility). The experimentally determined LogPow value, the water solubility and predicted behavior concerning absorption of the substance triethyl citrate do not indicate a potential for accumulation.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Regio- and enantioselectivity of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of citric acid derivatives
摘要:
The hydrolysis of triethyl citrate in the presence of three serine proteases (chymotrypsin, subtilisin in BPN', Is subtilisin carlsberg) is highly regioselective and gives the symmetric diester. Several lipases and proteases have the complementary regioselectivity and give the chiral diester. Pig liver esterase, Aspergillus niger lipase and Candida antarctica lipase give the chiral (R)-diester with good regio- and enantioselectivity. The stereoselective hydrolysis of the meso citric derivatives 7a,b in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase gives the corresponding (R)-monoester. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
ACYL-HYDRAZONE AND OXADIAZOLE COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME AND USES THEREOF
申请人:Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
公开号:US20150191445A1
公开(公告)日:2015-07-09
The present invention relates to acyl-hydrazone compounds, in particular 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-hydrazide derivatives, as well as the oxadiazole analogs thereof and other similar compounds, and to the pharmaceutical use of the same for the treatment of various diseases associated with cell proliferation, such as leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), tumours and inflammation. Acyl-hydrazones have been obtained having activity similar to that of the compound used as a standard in experiments (colchicine). The greater selectivity of the compounds according to the invention is an important feature, associated with fewer side effects than the pharmaceuticals used at present in clinical treatments. The synthetised acyl-hydrazones, more particularly the compounds 02 and 07, exhibited important antileukemic activity, which suggests 02 and 07 as candidates to pharmaceutical prototypes, or to pharmaceuticals for the treatment of leukemias, in particular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), tumours and other proliferative diseases, such as inflammation. The action mechanism of the most active compounds was determined by using DNA microarrays and subsequent tests indicated by the chip, besides selectivity studies in healthy human lymphocytes.
[EN] QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES RELATED THERETO<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE QUINAZOLINE, COMPOSITIONS ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:UNIV EMORY
公开号:WO2013181135A1
公开(公告)日:2013-12-05
The disclosure relates to quinazoline derivatives, compositions, and methods related thereto. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to inhibitors of NADPH-oxidases (Nox enzymes) and/or myeloperoxidase.
[EN] NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HBV INFECTION<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX AGENTS THÉRAPEUTIQUES POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE L'INFECTION PAR HBV.
申请人:NEWAVE PHARMACEUTICAL INC
公开号:WO2018022282A1
公开(公告)日:2018-02-01
The disclosure includes compounds of Formula (I), wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating HBV infection.
[EN] ASH1L INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF TREATMENT THEREWITH<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE ASH1L ET MÉTHODES DE TRAITEMENT AU MOYEN DE CEUX-CI
申请人:UNIV MICHIGAN REGENTS
公开号:WO2017197240A1
公开(公告)日:2017-11-16
Provided herein are small molecule inhibitors of ASH1L activity and small molecules that facilitate ASH1L degradation and methods of use thereof for the treatment of disease, including acute leukemia, solid cancers and other diseases dependent on activity of ASH1L.
Controlled-release compositions containing opioid agonist and antagonist
申请人:——
公开号:US20020010127A1
公开(公告)日:2002-01-24
Controlled-release dosage forms containing an opioid agonist; an opioid antagonist; and a controlled release material release during a dosing interval an analgesic or sub-analgesic amount of the opioid agonist along with an amount of said opioid antagonist effective to attenuate a side effect of said opioid agonist. The dosage form provides analgesia for at least about 8 hours when administered to human patients. In other embodiments, the dose of antagonist released during the dosing interval enhances the analgesic potency of the opioid agonist.