ABSTRACTThe antimalarial drug artemisinin fromArtemisia annuademonstrated remarkably strong activity againstHelicobacter pylori, the pathogen responsible for peptic ulcer diseases. In an effort to develop a novel antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent containing such a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, a series of analogues (2 natural and 15 semisynthetic molecules), including eight newly synthesized compounds, were investigated against clinical and standard strains ofH. pylori. The antimicrobial spectrum against 10H. pyloristrains and a few other bacterial and fungal strains indicated specificity against the ulcer causing organism. Of five promising molecules, a newly synthesized ether derivative β-artecyclopropylmether was found to be the most potent compound, which exhibited MIC range, MIC90, and minimum bactericidal concentration range values of 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml, and 1 to 16 μg/ml, respectively, against both resistant and sensitive strains ofH. pylori. The molecule demonstrated strong bactericidal kinetics with extensive morphological degeneration, retained functional efficacy at stomach acidic pH unlike clarithromycin, did not elicit drug resistance unlike metronidazole, and imparted sensitivity to resistant strains. It is not cytotoxic and exhibitsin vivopotentiality to reduce theH. pyloriburden in a chronic infection model. Thus, β-artecyclopropylmether could be a lead candidate for anti-H. pyloritherapeutics. Since the recurrence of gastroduodenal ulcers is believed to be mainly due to antibiotic resistance of the commensal organismH. pylori, development of a candidate drug from this finding is warranted.
摘要从黄花蒿(Artemisia annuadem)中提取的抗疟疾药物青蒿素对幽门螺旋杆菌(导致消化性溃疡疾病的病原体)具有极强的活性。为了开发一种含有这种倍半萜内酯内过氧化物的新型抗菌化疗药物,我们研究了一系列类似物(2 个天然分子和 15 个半合成分子),其中包括 8 个新合成的化合物,它们对幽门螺杆菌的临床菌株和标准菌株均有抗菌作用。对 10 种幽门螺杆菌菌株以及其他一些细菌和真菌菌株的抗菌谱表明,这些化合物对导致溃疡的生物具有特异性。在五种有前景的分子中,一种新合成的醚衍生物β-artecyclopropylmether 是最有效的化合物,它对幽门螺杆菌耐药菌株和敏感菌株的 MIC 范围、MIC90 和最低杀菌浓度范围值分别为 0.25 至 1.0 μg/ml、1.0 μg/ml、1 至 16 μg/ml。与克拉霉素不同的是,该分子在胃酸 pH 条件下仍能保持功效,与甲硝唑不同的是,它不会引起耐药性,并能使耐药菌株产生敏感性。它没有细胞毒性,在慢性感染模型中具有降低幽门螺杆菌负担的活性。因此,β-artecyclopropylmether 可作为抗幽门螺杆菌药物的主要候选药物。由于胃十二指肠溃疡的复发被认为主要是由共生幽门螺杆菌的抗生素耐药性引起的,因此有必要根据这一发现开发一种候选药物。