Octafluoropropane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is relatively inert. The mixture is nonflammable and nontoxic, though asphyxiation may occur because of displacement of oxygen. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause it to rupture violently and rocket.
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 《FDA-批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤》,药物发现今天,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: 人类药物诱导肝损伤风险最大的参考药物清单。药物发现今天 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:No information is available on the clinical use of perflutren during breastfeeding. Because of the extremely short elimination half-life of perflutren (<2 minutes) from the body, use of perflutren either as albumin microspheres or lipid microspheres is acceptable in nursing mothers. Because of the lack of information, the American College of Radiology states that temporary (~24 hours) pumping and discarding of milk may be considered. However, this recommendation appears to be excessively cautious.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Human pharmacokinetics information is not available for the intact or degassed lipid microspheres. The pharmacokinetics of octafluoropropane gas (OFP) was evaluated in healthy subjects (n=8) after the IV administration of activated perflutren-containing microspheres at a 50 uL/kg dose. ... OFP was not detectable after 10 minutes in most subjects either in the blood or in expired air.
OFP gas binding to plasma proteins or partitioning into blood cells has not been studied. However, OFP protein binding is expected to be minimal due to its low partition coefficient into whole blood.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
含有全氟碳化物的微球是否会被分泌入人类乳汁中,目前尚不清楚。
It is not known whether perflutren-containing microspheres are excreted in human milk.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate the kinetics of one of the newest sonographic contrast agents available, FS069 or Optison. This material consists of octafluoropropane gas encapsulated in proteinaceous microspheres, injected intravenously for use as a myocardial contrast agent in humans. This model has six compartments: two lung compartments (alveolar and dead volume), and compartments for the heart, slowly perfused tissue, richly perfused tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. The model was developed to determine the distribution and excretion of the octafluoropropane in the body. Despite the high affinity of octafluoropropane for tissue, the model predicted that nearly 100% of the material would be exhaled from the lungs within 6 min. The model verified the results of a phase I clinical trial with 10 healthy subjects. Ventilation rate was found to play a critical role in the complete excretion of this contrast agent. ...
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Reactions of TeF5OCl with fluorocarbon iodides and synthesis of CF3OTeF5
作者:Carl J. Schack、Karl O. Christe
DOI:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80449-2
日期:1990.4
The low temperature reaction of TeF5OCl with the fluorocarbon iodides, CF3I, C2F5I, n-C3F7I, and i-C3F7I results in the formation of RfI(OTeF5)2 adducts. Except for the trifluoromethyl derivative these are stable, colorless compounds. The trifluoromethyl adduct decomposes above −78°C to give the previously unknown CF3OTeF5. The perfluoroethyl and n-propyl adducts decompose at 120°C or under UV radiation
TeF 5 OCl与碳氟碘化物CF 3 I,C 2 F 5 I,nC 3 F 7 I和iC 3 F 7 I的低温反应导致形成R f I(OTeF 5)2加合物。除三氟甲基衍生物外,它们均为稳定的无色化合物。三氟甲基加合物在-78°C以上分解,得到以前未知的CF 3 OTeF 5。全氟乙基和正丙基加合物在120°C或在紫外线辐射下分解,得到C 2 F 5 OTeF 5和n C 3 F 7 OTeF 5。这些反应构成了主要的R f OTef 5化合物的新合成。尝试将该合成扩大到仲碳氟碘化物是失败的。
Investigation of CF2 carbene on the surface of activated charcoal in the synthesis of trifluoroiodomethane via vapor-phase catalytic reaction
作者:Guang-Cheng Yang、Shi Lei、Ren-Ming Pan、Heng-Dao Quan
DOI:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.10.004
日期:2009.2
This paper investigates the synthetic mechanism of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) in the reaction of trifluoromethane and iodine via vapor-phase catalytic reaction. It is suggested that CF2 carbene is the key intermediate and is formed in the pyrolysis process of CHF3 at high temperature. However, in pyrolysis of CHF3 under activated charcoal (AC) existing conditions, no C2F4 was detected. H2 and 2-methyl-2-butene
Die elektrochemische Fluorierung von Alkansulfonamiden und Alkandisulfonamiden
作者:P. Satori、C. Jünger
DOI:10.1016/0022-1139(96)03478-1
日期:1996.7
Alkane sulphonylamides and disulphonylamides are stable in anhydrous (HF)x and undergo quantitative fission of S-N bonds during electrochemical fluorination. Besides NF3, the corresponding perfluoroalkane sulphonyl fluorides and disulphonyl fluorides are formed.
Reactions involving fluoride ion. Part 23. Thermolytic defluorination of perfluoroalkenes in the synthesis of fluorinated dienes and cyclobutenes
作者:Richard D. Chambers、Andrew A. Lindley、Harold C. Fielding、John S. Moilliet、Graham Whittaker
DOI:10.1039/p19810001064
日期:——
3-dimethylbutadiene (over Pt) and perfluoro-3,4-dimethylhexa-2,4-diene (over Fe), together with other products. Similar reactions occur with other fluorinated alkenes and the variation between fragmentation and defluorination is rationalised on the basis of the metal used, etc. The fluoride induced reaction between perfluoropropene and perfluorobut-2-ene gives perfluoro-2,3-dimethylpent-2-ene.
Vic-Difluorination proceeds by the reaction of fluoroalkenes with xenondifluoride to afford the corresponding fluorinated compounds. From the reaction with polyfluoroalkenes, the products are obtained in high to excellent yields. In this reaction, the fluorine atom substituent of alkene stabilizes the cation intermediate and suppresses side-reactions such as rearrangement.