氯四氟乙烷 | 2837-89-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 有机氟化物
• 中文名称: 氯四氟乙烷
• 中文别名: 1-氯-1,2,2,2-四氟乙烷；1,1,1,2-四氟-2-氯乙烷；氟里昂-124
• 英文名称: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane
• 英文别名: HCFC 124；2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane；1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
• CAS: 2837-89-0；63938-10-3
• 化学式: C₂HClF₄
• 分子量: 136.477
• InChiKey: BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. Nearly odorless.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless gas
• 沸点：
  -12.0 °C
• 熔点：
  -199 °C
• 溶解度：
  In water, 1.5X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C
• 密度：
  1.364 g/mL at 25 °C
• 蒸汽密度：
  4.7 (Air = 1)
• 蒸汽压力：
  385 kPa (2,888 mm Hg) at 25 °C
• 大气OH速率常数：
  9.50e-15 cm3/molecule*sec
• 分解：
  Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/
• 粘度：
  Gas: 0.138 mPa.s at 60 °C; Liquid: 0.0314 mPa.s at 25 °C
• 汽化热：
  Latent heat of vaporization: 167.9 kJ/kg

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.4
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

HCFC-124与其他卤代烃一起进行研究，因为它与已知的肝毒素卤索烷在结构上存在相似性（都含有 geminal dihalomethyl group [-CHX2]）。此处仅讨论了HCFC-124的结果及其与其他化合物的比较。在暴露于1% HCFC-124 6小时后，三氟乙酸（TFA）随尿液排出——15.6 umol/12hour/kg。TFA排泄的顺序为HCFC-123=卤索烷>HCFC-124>HCFC-125。HCFC-124显示出与卤索烷暴露后观察到的TFA-蛋白质（微粒体和细胞溶质）模式相似，尽管个别条带的免疫反应性较低。TFA-蛋白质形成的顺序为卤索烷=HCFC-123>>HCFC-124>HCFC-125。卤索烷和HCFC-124提出的生物活化方案为：细胞色素P-450催化氢提取，产生中间体1,1-二卤-2,2,2,-三氟乙基自由基：氧气回弹会生成 geminal halohydrin：失去HX会生成三氟乙酰氯或氟化物，这可能会经过氧化生成TFA，或者可能与蛋白质中的亲核位点反应生成TFA-蛋白质。数据支持细胞色素P-450催化的卤醇形成是产生TFA和TFA-蛋白质加合物的限速步骤的理论。数据显示，二卤甲基团（CHX2）上的氟化程度增加，体内的代谢作用减少。

HCFC-124 has been studied with the other halocarbons due to structural similarities (all contain a geminal dihalomethyl group [-CHX2]) with halothane, a known hepatotoxin. Only the results for HCFC-124 and it's comparison to the other compounds is discussed here. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was excreted in urine following 6 hour exposure to 1% HCFC-124 - 15.6 umol/12hour/kg. TFA excretion rank order HCFC-123=halothane>HCFC-124>HCFC-125. HCFC-124 showed a pattern of TFA-proteins (microsomal and cytosolic) similar to that seen following halothane exposure, although the immunoreactivity of individual bands was lower. TFA-protein formation rank order halothane=HCFC-123>>HCFC-124>HCFC-125. ... The proposed bioactivation scheme for halothane and HCFC-124 is: cytochrome P-450 catalyzed hydrogen abstraction to yield the intermediate 1,1-dihalo-2,2,2,-trifluoroethyl radical: oxygen rebound would give the geminal halohydrin: loss of HX would give trifluoroacetylchloride or fluoride which may undergo oxidation to give TFA or may react with nucleophilic sites in proteins to give TFA-protein. The data support the theory that cytochrome P-450-catalyzed formation of halohydrins is the rate-limiting step in the production of TFA and TFA-protein adducts. The data demonstrates increasing fluorination on the dihalomethyl group (CHX2) decreases in vivo metabolism.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

代谢研究是使用Fischer 344和Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行的，这些大鼠在吸入1.0%（体积比）空气中的1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷（HCFC-123）、2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HCFC-124）、1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷（HCFC-142b）、溴氯二氟甲烷（哈龙1211）和全氟己烷（PFH）2小时后进行的。两种品系的大鼠结果之间没有显著差异。暴露于HCFC-123或HCFC-124的大鼠在尿液中排泄了三氟乙酸。暴露于HCFC-124的大鼠尿液中氟化物浓度增加，而暴露于哈龙1211的大鼠尿液中溴化物水平增加。

Metabolism studies were conducted using Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats following inhalation exposure to 1.0% (v/v) air atmospheres of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211), and perfluorohexane (PFH) for 2 hr. There were no remarkable differences in results between the two strains of rats. Animals exposed to HCFC-123 or HCFC-124 excreted trifluoroacetic acid in their urine. Urinary fluoride concentrations were increased in rats exposed to HCFC-124, and urinary bromide levels were increased in rats exposed to Halon 1211. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

氯氟烃替代品2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HCFC-124）在大鼠、小鼠和仓鼠体内的吸收药代动力学和代谢物进行了研究。观察到不同物种对HCFC-124的吸收速率和三氟乙酸的尿排泄存在差异。在大鼠和小鼠中，HCFC-124的吸收既有饱和性组分也有一级动力学组分，而在仓鼠中只观察到一级动力学吸收。通过计算机模拟气体吸收数据得到的体内代谢速率常数如下：大鼠的KM=1.2 mg/L（8.79 mmol/L），Vmaxc=0.35±0.01 mg/kg/hr（2.56±0.01 mmol/kg/hr），kfc=1.25±0.01 hr-1 kg-1；小鼠的KM=1.2 mg/L（8.79 mmol/L），Vmaxc=1.78±0.01 mg/kg/hr（13.0±0.007 mmol/kg/hr），kfc=4.08±0.01 hr-1 kg-1；仓鼠的kfc=1.47±0.02 hr-1 kg-1。使用气体吸收模拟研究中得到的体内代谢速率常数，通过生理学基础的药代动力学模型模拟了大鼠和小鼠中HCFC-124的主要尿液代谢物三氟乙酸的生成和排泄，但在仓鼠中未进行模拟。仓鼠的HCFC-124血气分配系数低于大鼠或小鼠。低的血气分配系数可能会限制挥发性化学物质在肺部的吸收。

Gas-uptake pharmacokinetics & metab of the chlorofluorocarbon replacement 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) were investigated in rats, mice, & hamsters. Species differences in the rate of uptake of HCFC-124 and urinary excretion of trifluoroacetic acid were observed. In rats & mice, the uptake of HCFC-124 was described by both saturable & first-order components, whereas in the hamster only first-order uptake was observed. The in vivo metabolic rate constants obtained from computer simulation of the gas-uptake data were: for rats-KM= 1.2 mg liter-1 (8.79 mmol liter-1, Vmaxc= 0.35 : 0.01 mg kg-1 hr-1 (2.56 : 0.01 mmol kg-1 hr-1), & kfc= 1.25 : 0.01 hr-1 kg231; for mice-KM= 1.2 mg liter-1 (8.79 mmol liter-1), Vmaxc= 1.78 : 0.01 mg kg-1 hr-1 (13.0 : 0.007 mmol kg-1 hr-1), & kfc= 4.08 : 0.01 hr-1 kg-1; & for hamsters-kfc= 1.47 : 0.02 hr-1 kg-1. The production & excretion of trifluoroacetic acid, the major urinary metabolite of HCFC-124, were also simulated in rats & mice, but not in hamsters, by the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model when the in vivo metabolic rate constants obtained in the gas-uptake simulation studies were used. The blood:air partition coefficient of HCFC-124 in the hamster was lower than in the rat or mouse. A low blood:air partition coefficient may limit the pulmonary uptake of volatile chemicals.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合症 职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。 其他毒物 - 简单窒息剂

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 毒性数据

LC50 (大鼠) > 360,000 ppm/6小时；

LC50 (rat) > 360,000 ppm/6H;

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

将狗暴露于2.5%（每立方米139,500毫克）或更高浓度的物质，并结合同时注射0.008毫克/千克的肾上腺素（肾上腺素），会导致对肾上腺素的心脏敏感化。

Exposure of dogs to concentrations of 2.5% (139,500 mg/cu m) or greater combined with concurrent injection of epinephrine (adrenalin) at 0.008 mg/kg resulted in cardiac sensitization to the epinephrine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

如果发生吸入，不应给予肾上腺素或其他拟交感神经胺和肾上腺素能激动剂，因为它们会进一步使心脏对心律失常的发展变得更加敏感。/氟碳化合物/

If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

吸入氟利昂的受害者需要管理低氧血症、中枢神经系统麻醉和心脏症状。患者必须撤离暴露环境，并应使用高流量补充氧气。应评估呼吸系统是否有损伤、吸入性肺炎或肺水肿，并适当治疗。中枢神经系统发现的问题应支持性治疗。保持一个平静的环境，避免身体劳累，以防止内源性肾上腺素水平升高是至关重要的。不得使用外源性肾上腺素药物，以避免引发敏感的心肌心律失常。阿托品对治疗心动过缓无效。对于室性心律失常，二苯基海因和电击可能有效。对于低温造成的皮肤损伤，应通过40-42°C的水浴复温，直到血管扩张冲洗恢复。应抬高肢体并采用晚期的外科清创标准冻伤管理。眼部暴露需要冲洗和裂隙灯检查以评估损伤。/氟利昂/

Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

费希尔大鼠，体重200克，在小型暴露室中单独接触1%（10,000 ppm）的HCFC-124，该暴露室定期补充氧气。在暴露结束后，动物立即转移到代谢笼中，收集20小时的尿液并冷冻储存，直到通过(19)F-NMR进行分析。在暴露期间，暴露室内HCFC-124的浓度随时间降低，在2小时暴露的30-90分钟内，降低速率相似。这种减少表明大鼠吸收了HCFC-124。《19》F-NMR分析显示尿样中含有三氟乙酸（TFA，156 umol）和氟化物（未量化）。没有检测到其他代谢物。平均排泄率为每24小时1.3 umol的TFA。

Fischer rats, 200g, were individually exposed to 1% (10,000 ppm) HCFC-124 in a small exposure chamber, which was periodically "topped up" with oxygen. Following the end of exposure, animals were immediately transferred into a metabolism cage, 20 hour urine collected and stored frozen until analysis by (19)F-NMR. During the exposure, chamber concentrations of HCFC-124 decreased with time, with similar rates of decrease between 30-90 minutes of the 2 hour exposure. The reduction demonstrates uptake by the rat. The (19)F-NMR analysis showed the urine sample contained trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 156 umol) and fluoride (not quantified). No other metabolites were detected. Average excretion rate of 1.3 umol of TFA/24 hours was estimated.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

影响氟碳化合物命运的主要因素是体脂肪，它们在那里集中并缓慢释放到血液中，浓度应该不会导致任何心脏敏感化的风险。

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood at concentrations that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物在脑、肝和肺中的积聚量显著高于血液水平，表明氟碳化合物在组织中的分布类似于氯仿。/氟碳化合物/

There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver & lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物经口服摄入后的吸收率远低于吸入（35-48倍）。...在尸检时，肺部通常具有最高的氟碳化合物浓度。/氟碳化合物/

Abosrption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 危险类别码：
  R59
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1021
• 海关编码：
  2903791012
• 危险类别：
  2.2
• 安全说明：
  S59

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氯四氟乙烷 在 氢气 作用下， 350.0~800.0 ℃ 、70.0 kPa 条件下， 生成 六氟丙烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  トリフルオロエチレンの製造方法

  摘要：

  【问题】提供一种经济优势的方法，使用易采购的HCFCC-124作为原料，无需使用催化剂，以高生产率工业化地生产三氟乙烯。 【解决方案】将还原性化合物和1,1,1,2-四氟-2-氯乙烷在400至1200℃的温度下接触，以无催化剂的方式制造三氟乙烯。 【图示】图1

  公开号：

  JP2015209397A
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  四氯乙烯 在 chromium(III) oxide 氢氟酸 作用下， 生成 氯四氟乙烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  The development of new refrigerants

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83735-5
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  乙基溴化镁 、 1-萘甲醛 在 氯四氟乙烷 作用下， 以 乙醚 为溶剂， 反应 5.5h， 以76%的产率得到1-(1-naphthyl)-1-propanol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthetic Utilization of 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

  摘要：

  Abstractβ‐Substituted α‐fluoro‐α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids have been successfully synthesized, usually in a (Z)‐stereospecific manner by way of a stepwise or a one‐pot three‐step procedure starting from 2‐chloro‐1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HCFC‐124), one of the major byproducts of the industrial process for tetrafluoroethene formation from chlorofluoromethane (HCFC‐22).

  DOI：

  10.1002/chem.201100900

文献信息

• PYROLYSIS PROCESS
  申请人：Noelke Joseph Charles

  公开号：US20050137430A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-06-23

  The present invention relates to the pyrolysis of hydrochlorofluorocarbons to form fluoromonomers such as tetrafluoroethylene, the pyrolysis being carried out in a reaction zone lined with nickel and mechanically supported by a jacket of other corrosion resistant metal, the nickel lining providing an improved yield of valuable reaction products.

  本发明涉及氢氯氟烃的热解，以形成四氟乙烯等氟单体，热解是在镍衬里的反应区内进行的，并且通过其他耐腐蚀金属的夹套进行机械支撑，镍衬提供了更高产值的有价值的反应产物。
• NOVEL CATALYTIC METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLUOROALKYLENES FROM CHLOROFLUOROHYDROCARBONS
  申请人：Mukhopadhyay Sudip

  公开号：US20060217577A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-09-28

  A process for producing a producing a product of the formula: R—CF═CHR 1 wherein R is F or CF 3 and R 1 is F when R is F and is H when R is CF 3 by reacting a reactant of the formula: CF 3 —R 2 wherein R 2 is selected from wherein R 3 is H, F or Cl and R 4 is H or Cl, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, with a reducing agent selected from methane, methyl chloride and mixtures thereof, in a gas phase reaction.

  生产公式为R—CF═CHR的产品的方法： 其中R为F或CF3，R1在R为F时为F，在R为 时为H， 通过在适当催化剂的存在下，将公式为 —R2的反应物与选择自的还原剂（甲烷、氯化甲基或二者的混合物）在气相反应中反应。
• Experimental Studies of Ozone Depletion by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), Bromofluorocarbons (BFC’s), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC’s), and CH₃Br Using a 6-m³Photochemical Chamber
  作者：Nobuaki Washida、Takashi Imamura、Hiroshi Bandow

  DOI：10.1246/bcsj.69.535

  日期：1996.3

  BFC’s than in the CFC’s. According to a box-model simulation, in the CFCl3 system 90% of the catalytic cycle proceeds from reactions of Cl + O3 → ClO + O2 and ClO + O → Cl + O2. On the other hand, in the CF3Br system 90% of the catalytic cycle is governed by the following reactions: Br + O3 → BrO + O2 and BrO + BrO → 2Br + O2. The HCFC’s and CH3Br can destroy the ozone with sufficient potential as CFC’s

  CFC（CFCl3 和 CF2Cl2）、BFC（CF3Br 和 C2F4Br2）、HCFC（CH3CCl2F、CF3CHCl2 和 CF3CHFCl）和 CH3Br 对臭氧的破坏使用配备紫外线增强型氙弧灯的 6 立方米可抽真空光化学室进行了演示。尽管链长远小于实际平流层中的链长：CFCl3 约为 8，CF3Br 约为 40，但臭氧通过涉及由紫外光光解卤化碳所释放的 Cl 或 Br 原子的催化循环衰减很明显。BFC 中的臭氧分解速率比 CFC 中的快。根据盒模型模拟，在 CFCl3 系统中，90% 的催化循环来自 Cl + O3 → ClO + O2 和 ClO + O → Cl + O2 的反应。另一方面，在 CF3Br 系统中，90% 的催化循环由以下反应控制：Br + O3 → BrO + O2 和 BrO + BrO → 2Br + O2。HCFC 和 在进入平流层时可以像
• Production and use of hexafluoroethane
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20040015022A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-01-22

  A process for production of high-purity hexafluoroethane, wherein a mixed gas containing hexafluoroethane and chlorotrifluoromethane is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst at 200-450° C., for fluorination of the chlorotrifluoromethane, or wherein pentafluoroethane containing chlorine compounds with 1-3 carbon atoms is reacted with hydrogen in a gas phase in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 150-400° C., and the product is then reacted with fluorine in a gas phase in the presence of a diluent gas.

  一种生产高纯度六氟乙烷的工艺，其中含有六氟乙烷和氯三氟甲烷的混合气体在气相中在存在氟化催化剂的情况下与氢氟酸在200-450°C下反应，用于氯三氟甲烷的氟化，或者含有1-3个碳原子的氯化合物的五氟乙烷与氢气在存在氢化催化剂的情况下在150-400°C下在气相中反应，然后在存在稀释气体的情况下与氟气在气相中反应。
• [EN] PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PENTAFLUOROETHANE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] PROCEDE DE PURIFICATION DE PENTAFLUOROETHANE, PROCEDE DE PRODUCTION DE PENTAFLUOROETHANE, ET UTILISATION DE CE PENTAFLUOROETHANE
  申请人：SHOWA DENKO KK

  公开号：WO2004005226A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-01-15

  ABSTRACT A process comprising bringing crude pentafluoroethane containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom, hydrochlorofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom and hydrochlorocarbons containing one carbon atom, into contact with an adsorbent comprising a zeolite having an average pore size of 3 to 6 Å and a silica/aluminum ratio of 2.0 or less and/or a carbonaceous adsorbent having an average pore size of 3.5 to 6 Å, to reduce the content of the compound. The purified gas can be used as a low temperature refrigerant or an etching gas.

  摘要：一种过程包括将含有至少一种来自羟氟烃、含有一个碳原子的氢氟烃和含有一个碳原子的氯碳烃的混合氟乙烷原料与一种吸附剂接触，该吸附剂包括平均孔径为3至6 Å且硅铝比不超过2.0的沸石和/或平均孔径为3.5至6 Å的碳质吸附剂，以减少所述化合物的含量。纯化后的气体可用作低温制冷剂或蚀刻气体。

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