A novel hybrid CHC was designed and synthesized by conjugating β-carboline with an important active fragment N-hydroxyacrylamide of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor by an amide linkage to enhance antitumor efficacy/potency or even block drug resistance. CHC displayed high antiproliferative effects against drug-sensitive SUMM-7721, Bel7402, Huh7, and HCT116 cells and drug-resistant Bel7402/5FU cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.84 to 3.27 μM, which were two-to four-fold lower than those of FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA. However, CHC had relatively weak effect on non-tumor hepatic LO2 cells. Furthermore, CHC exhibited selective HDAC1/6 inhibitory effects and simultaneously augmented the acetylated histone H3/H4 and α-tubulin, which may make a great contribution to their antiproliferative effects. In addition, CHC also electrostatically interacted with CT-DNA, exerted remarkable cellular apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and DNA damage proteins in Bel7402/5FU cells, and significantly accumulated cancer cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle by suppressing CDK1 and cyclin B protein with greater potency than SAHA-treated groups. Finally, CHC displayed strong inhibitory potency to drug-resistant hepatic tumors in mice. Our designed and synthetic hybrid CHC could be further developed as a significant and selective anticancer agent to potentially treat drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma.
设计并合成了一种新型的混合型CHC,通过酰胺键将β-咔啉与组蛋白
去乙酰化酶(H
DAC)
抑制剂的重要活性片段N-羟基
丙烯酰胺结合,以增强抗肿瘤功效/效力甚至阻断药物耐药性。CHC对药物敏感的SUMM-7721、Bel7402、Huh7和HCT116细胞以及药物耐药的Bel7402/5FU细胞表现出高抗增殖效果,IC50值范围为1.84至3.27μM,比FDA批准的H
DAC抑制剂SAHA的值低两到四倍。然而,CHC对非肿瘤肝细胞LO2的影响相对较弱。此外,CHC表现出选择性H
DAC1/6抑制作用,并同时增加了乙酰化组蛋白H3/H4和α-微管蛋白,这可能对其抗增殖效果起到重要贡献。此外,CHC还与CT-DNA发生静电作用,在Bel7402/5FU细胞中通过调节凋亡相关蛋白和DNA损伤蛋白的表达,显著诱导细胞凋亡,并通过抑制CDK1和cyclin B蛋白,使癌细胞显著积聚在细胞周期的G2/M期,其效力比
SAHA处理组更强。最后,CHC对小鼠体内的药物耐药性肝肿瘤显示出强大的抑制效力。我们设计并合成的混合型CHC可能进一步发展为一种重要且选择性的抗癌药物,潜在用于治疗药物耐药性肝细胞癌。