The Efficient Synthesis of Disodium Disuccinate Astaxanthin (Cardax)
摘要:
A practical procedure is described for the multigram preparation of disodium disuccinate derivatives of synthetic astaxanthin (Cardax) [from all-trans-(alI-E)-3S,3'S-, meso-(3R,3'S)-, and 3R,3'R-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione) in a 1:2:1 statistical mixture of stereoisomers, as well as from the individual component stereoisomers]. Process development eliminated chromatographic separations, controlled geometric isomerization, and improved the overall yield of the two-step process, with significant improvements in both the yield and purity of Cardax. Bulk chromatographic separation of the diastereomeric dicamphanic acid ester of synthetic astaxanthin was performed by modifications of the published procedure to subsequently generate multigram quantities of each stereoisomer of disodium disuccinate of astaxanthin.
Natural Occurrence of Enantiomeric and<i>meso</i>-Astaxanthin 1.<i>Ex</i>Lobster Eggs (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>)
作者:Harald Rønneberg、Britta Renstrøm、Kåre Aareskjold、Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen、Max Vecchi、Franz J. Leuenberger、Robert K. Müller、Hans Mayer
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19800630321
日期:1980.4.23
Astaxanthin (1; 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) isolated from lobster eggs (Homarusgammarus) was unexpectedly found to be a mixture of all three optical isomers as determined by HPLC. analysis of the corresponding diesters of (–)-camphanic acid. This is the first finding of meso-astaxanthin and a meso-carotenoid in general in nature.
Synthese von optisch aktiven, natürlichen Carotinoiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. IX. Synthese von (3<i>R</i>)-Hydroxyechinenon, (3<i>R</i>, 3′<i>R</i>)- und (3<i>R</i>, 3′<i>S</i>)-Adonixanthin, (3<i>R</i>)-Adonirubin, deren optischen Antipoden und verwandten Verbindungen
作者:Kurt Bernhard、Gerhard Englert、Hans Mayer、Robert K. Müller、August Rüttimann、Max Vecchi、Erich Widmer、Reinhard Zell
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19810640754
日期:1981.11.4
Synthesis of Optically Active Natural Carotenoids and Structurally Related Compounds. IX. Synthesis of (3R)-Hydroxyechinenone, (3R, 3′R)- and (3R, 3′S)-Adonixanthin, (3R)-Adonirubin, Their Optical Antipodes and Related Compounds
Technische Verfahren zur Synthese von Carotinoiden und verwandten Verbindungen aus Oxo-isophoron. I. Modifizierung der<i>Kienzle-Mayer</i>-Synthese von (3<i>S</i>3′<i>S</i>)-Astaxanthin
作者:Erich Widmer、Reinhard Zell、Teodor Lukáč、Marco Casadei、Peter Schönholzer、Emil A. Broger
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19810640749
日期:1981.11.4
Technical Procedures for the Synthesis of Carotenoids and Related Compounds from 6-Oxo-isophorone. I. Modification of the Kienzle-Mayer-Synthesis of (3S, 3′S)-Astaxanthin
A method used for synthesizing intermediates for use in the synthesis of carotenoids and carotenoid analogs, and/or carotenoid derivatives. In some embodiments, the invention includes methods for synthesizing optically active intermediates useful for the synthesis of optically active carotenoids. Synthesis of optically active carotenoids, in one embodiment, may be accomplished by forming an optically active dihydroxy intermediate from ketoisopherone. The optically active dihydroxy intermediate may be converted into optically active astaxanthin derivatives.