An efficient Pd-catalyzed carbonylation protocol is described for the coupling of a large panel of aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, vinyl and allyl halides 2 with the unusual N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) formate 1 as a CO surrogate to afford the corresponding valuable NHS esters 3. High conversion to the coupling products was achieved with up to 98% yield by means of Pd(OAc)(2)/Xantphos catalyst system.
Rational design of carbamate-based dual binding site and central AChE inhibitors by a “biooxidisable” prodrug approach: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and docking studies
Herein, we report a new class of dual binding site AChE inhibitor 4 designed to exert a central cholinergic activation thanks to a redox-activation step of a prodrug precursor 3. Starting from potent pseudo irreversible quinolinium salts AChE inhibitors 2 previously reported, a new set of diversely substituted quinolinium salts 2a-p was prepared and assayed for their inhibitory activity against AChE. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of 2a-p coupled with molecular docking studies allowed us to determine which position of the quinolinium scaffold may be considered to anchor the phtalimide fragment presumed to interact with the peripheral anionic site (PAS). In addition, molecular docking provided insight on the linker length required to connect both quinolinium and phatlimide moieties without disrupting the crucial role of quinolinium salt moiety within the catalytic active site (CAS); namely placing the carbamate in the correct position to trigger carbamylation of the active-site serine hydroxyl. Based on this rational design, the putative dual binding site inhibitor 4 and its prodrug 3 were synthesized and subsequently evaluated in vitro against AChE. Pleasingly, whereas compound 4 showed to be a highly potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 6 nM) and binds to AChE-PAS to the same extent as donepezil, its prodrug 3 revealed to be inactive (IC50> 10 mu M). These preliminary results constitute one of the few examples of carbamate-based dual binding site AChE inhibitors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
WO2006/103120
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Rational design of central selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by means of a “bio-oxidisable prodrug” strategy
作者:Pierre Bohn、Nicolas Le Fur、Guillaume Hagues、Jean Costentin、Nicolas Torquet、Cyril Papamicaël、Francis Marsais、Vincent Levacher
DOI:10.1039/b903041g
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oxidation of an N-alkyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline 1 to the corresponding quinolinium salt 2 unmasking the positive charge required for binding to the catalytic anionic site of the enzyme. The synthesis of a set of 1,4-dihydroquinolines 1 and their corresponding quinolinium salts 2 is presented. An in vitro biologicalevaluation revealed that while all reduced forms 1 were unable to exhibit any anticholinesterase