Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Macrocyclic Hydroxamic Acids That Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor α Release in Vitro and in Vivo
作者:Chu-Biao Xue、Matthew E. Voss、David J. Nelson、James J.-W. Duan、Robert J. Cherney、Irina C. Jacobson、Xiaohua He、John Roderick、Lihua Chen、Ronald L. Corbett、Li Wang、Dayton T. Meyer、Kenneth Kennedy、William F. DeGrado、Karl D. Hardman、Christopher A. Teleha、Bruce D. Jaffee、Rui-Qin Liu、Robert A. Copeland、Maryanne B. Covington、David D. Christ、James M. Trzaskos、Robert C. Newton、Ronald L. Magolda、Ruth R. Wexler、Carl P. Decicco
DOI:10.1021/jm010127e
日期:2001.8.1
To search for TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors, we designed a new class of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids by linking the PI and P2 ' residues of acyclic anti-succinate-based hydroxamic acids. A variety of residues including amide, carbamate, alkyl, sulfonamido, Boc-amino, and amino were found to be suitable P1-P2 ' linkers. With an N-methylamide at P3 ', the 13-16-membered macrocycles prepared exhibited low micromolar activities in the inhibition of TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Further elaboration in the P3 ' -P4 ' area using the cyclophane and cyclic carbamate templates led to the identification of a number of potent analogues with IC50 values of less than or equal to 0.2 muM in whole blood assay (WBA). Although the P3 ' area can accommodate a broad array of structurally diversified functional groups including polar residues, hydrophobic residues, and amino and carboxylic acid moieties, in both the cyclophane series and the cyclic carbamate series, a glycine residue at P3 ' was identified as a critical structural component to achieve both good in vitro potency and good oral activity. With a glycine residue at P3 ', an N-methylamide at P4 ' provided the best cyclophane analogue, SL422 (WBA IC50 = 0.22 muM, LPS-mouse ED50 = 15 mg/kg, po), whereas a morpholinylamide at P4 ' afforded the most potent and most orally active cyclic carbamate analogue, SP057 (WBA IC50 = 0.067 muM, LPS-mouse ED50 = 2.3 mg/kg, po). Further profiling for SL422 and SP057 showed that these macrocyclic compounds are potent TACE inhibitors, with K-i values of 12 and 4.2 nM in the porcine TACE assay, and are broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs revealed that SL422 and SP057 are orally bioavailable, with oral bioavailabilities of 11% and 23%, respectively.