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丁螺环酮 | 36505-84-7

中文名称
丁螺环酮
中文别名
8-[4-(嘧啶-2-基)-1-哌嗪基丁基]-8-氮杂螺[4,5]癸烷-7,9-二酮
英文名称
BUSPIRONE
英文别名
8-[4-(4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione
丁螺环酮化学式
CAS
36505-84-7
化学式
C21H31N5O2
mdl
——
分子量
385.509
InChiKey
QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    105-107 °C(Solv: ethyl acetate (141-78-6))
  • 沸点:
    511.93°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.1527 (rough estimate)
  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 溶解度:
    5.88e-01 g/L
  • 碰撞截面:
    199.3 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: Major Mix IMS/Tof Calibration Kit (Waters)]
  • 保留指数:
    3258.5;3258.2

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.6
  • 重原子数:
    28
  • 可旋转键数:
    6
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.71
  • 拓扑面积:
    69.6
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    6

ADMET

代谢
盐酸布普品在给药后会被广泛代谢,主要通过肝脏中的CYP3A4酶介导的氧化反应。会产生羟基化衍生物,包括一种药理活性代谢物1-嘧啶基哌嗪(1-PP)。在动物研究中,1-PP具有大约四分之一的盐酸布普品的药理活性。
Buspirone is extensively metabolized upon administration, where it primarily undergoes hepatic oxidation mediated by the CYP3A4 enzyme. Hydroxylated derivatives are produced, including a pharmacologically active metabolite 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP). In animal studies, 1-PP possessed about one quarter of the pharmacological activity of buspirone.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
在肝脏代谢,主要通过细胞色素P450 3A4的氧化作用,产生多个羟基化衍生物和一个具有药理活性的代谢物,1-嘧啶基哌嗪(1-PP) 消除途径:在一项使用14C标记的丁螺环酮的单次给药研究中,24小时内尿液中排出了29%至63%的剂量,主要是以代谢物的形式;粪便排泄占剂量的18%至38%。 半衰期:2-3小时(尽管单次剂量的作用远比短暂的半衰期所表明的时间长)。
Metabolized hepatically, primarily by oxidation by cytochrome P450 3A4 producing several hydroxylated derivatives and a pharmacologically active metabolite, 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP) Route of Elimination: In a single-dose study using 14C-labeled buspirone, 29% to 63% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 24 hours, primarily as metabolites; fecal excretion accounted for 18% to 38% of the dose. Half Life: 2-3 hours (although the action of a single dose is much longer than the short halflife indicates).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe and on postsynaptic neurons in the hippocampus, thus inhibiting the firing rate of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. Buspirone also binds at dopamine type 2 (DA2) receptors, blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors. Buspirone increases firing in the locus ceruleus, an area of brain where norepinephrine cell bodies are found in high concentration. The net result of buspirone actions is that serotonergic activity is suppressed while noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell firing is enhanced. 布普品隆结合到位于背侧缝核的突触前神经元和海马区的突触后神经元的5-HT型1A血清素受体上,从而抑制背侧缝核中含5-HT神经元的放电率。布普品隆还结合到多巴胺型2(DA2)受体上,阻断突触前的多巴胺受体。布普品隆增加了蓝斑的放电,这是大脑中富含去甲肾上腺素细胞体的区域。布普品隆作用的净结果是抑制了血清素能活动,同时增强了去甲肾上腺素能和多巴胺能细胞的放电。
Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe and on postsynaptic neurons in the hippocampus, thus inhibiting the firing rate of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. Buspirone also binds at dopamine type 2 (DA2) receptors, blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors. Buspirone increases firing in the locus ceruleus, an area of brain where norepinephrine cell bodies are found in high concentration. The net result of buspirone actions is that serotonergic activity is suppressed while noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell firing is enhanced.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
丁螺环酮与偶尔的血清转氨酶升高有关联,但在已发表的文献中并未发现与临床上明显的肝脏损伤案例有关。实际上,丁螺环酮通常被用作对照药物,在体内外评估其他精神药物的细胞毒性。尽管如此,丁螺环酮还是在肝脏中通过P450系统(CYP 3A4)代谢,并有可能导致药物-药物相互作用。 可能性评分:E(不太可能是临床上明显肝脏损伤的原因)。 药物类别:镇静剂和催眠药,其他。
Buspirone has been associated with infrequent serum aminotransferase elevations, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury in the published literature. Indeed, buspirone is often used as a control, noncytotoxic agent in assessment of other psychotropic drugs in vitro and in vivo. Buspirone is, nevertheless, metabolized in the liver by the P450 system (CYP 3A4) and has the potential of causing drug-drug interactions. Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury). Drug Class: Sedatives and Hypnotics, Miscellaneous
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
化合物:布斯比龙
Compound:buspirone
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI标注:模糊的DILI关注
DILI Annotation:Ambiguous DILI-concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
严重性等级:3
Severity Grade:3
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
盐酸布普品口服给药后可以迅速吸收。由于其广泛的首次通过代谢,生物利用度低且变化较大(大约5%)。虽然与食物同服会降低盐酸布普品的吸收,但药物的首次通过代谢也会降低,导致生物利用度增加,以及Cmax和AUC的增加。在单次口服20毫克剂量后,Cmax的范围为1至6 ng/mL,Tmax的范围为40至90分钟。
Buspirone is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability is low and variable (approximately 5%) due to extensive first pass metabolism. While absorption of buspirone is decreased with concomitant food intake, the first-pass metabolism of the drug is also decreased, resulting in an increased bioavailability as well as increased Cmax and AUC. Following oral administration of single oral doses of 20 mg, the Cmax ranged from 1 to 6 ng/mL and the Tmax ranged from 40 to 90 minutes.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
单次给药的药代动力学研究使用14C标记的丁螺环酮表明,在大约24小时内,给药剂量的29-63%通过尿液排出,主要是以代谢物的形式。大约18%到38%的剂量通过粪便排出。
A single-dose pharmacokinetic studies using 14C-labeled buspirone demonstrated that about 29-63% of the dose administered was excreted in the urine within 24 hours, primarily in the form of metabolites. About 18% to 38% of the dose was eliminated via fecal excretion.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
在一项评估丁螺环酮在10至40毫克剂量范围内的药代动力学研究中,分布体积为5.3升/千克。
In a pharmacokinetic study assessing buspirone over the dose range of 10 to 40 mg, the volume of distribution was 5.3 L/kg.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
在一项评估丁螺环酮在10至40毫克剂量范围内的药代动力学研究中,系统清除率为1.7升/小时/公斤。
In a pharmacokinetic study assessing buspirone over the dose range of 10 to 40 mg, the systemic clearance was 1.7 L/h/kg.
来源:DrugBank

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R25
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    CL9915000
  • 海关编码:
    2933990090
  • 储存条件:
    2-8°C

SDS

SDS:f602b4585791d8ba96b23d9f7729f8e9
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制备方法与用途

盐酸丁螺环酮的生产方法

盐酸丁螺环酮是一种用于治疗急、慢性焦虑状态的药物。其生产过程主要包括以下步骤:

  1. 合成2-氯嘧啶

    • 将2-氨基嘧啶与浓盐酸和二氯甲烷混合。
    • 搅拌下加入氯化锌,冷却至5~10℃后分批加入亚硝酸钠,并继续反应。
    • 倾入冰水,静置后分出有机相。水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次并与有机相合并,干燥后蒸去大部分溶剂,得到浅黄色晶体。
  2. 合成1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪

    • 将无水哌嗪、碳酸钠和水混合,在50~65℃下搅拌,并分批加入2-氯嘧啶。
    • 加毕继续反应,慢慢冷至35℃后过滤除去副产物,滤液用氯仿萃取3次。浓缩后的溶剂中蒸馏收集115~117℃/133Pa的馏分。
  3. 合成β, β-四亚甲基戊二酸

    • 将环戊酮、氰基乙酸甲酯、氰基乙酰胺和甲酰胺混合后,室温下慢慢加入三乙胺。
    • 升温至60~65℃后慢慢加入水,并再加98%的硫酸调节pH值为1。冷却至5~10℃后过滤并水洗。
  4. 合成戊二酸酐衍生物

    • 将上述粗品与醋酐加热回流,然后用冰箱放置过夜析出白色片晶。
  5. 合成戊二酰亚胺衍生物

    • 将上述化合物和浓氨水加热溶解后迅速倒入瓷盘冷却,得到鳞片状晶体。
  6. 溴代反应并合成丁螺环酮

    • 将戊二酰亚胺衍生物与1,4-二溴丁烷、无水碳酸钾在甲苯中回流。蒸去甲苯后冷却,过滤收集馏分,用异丙醇重结晶得到丁螺环酮。
  7. 成盐反应

    • 用5mol/L氯化氢的乙醇溶液与丁螺环酮作用成盐,并无水乙醇重结晶得到最终产品。
  8. 另一路径合成1-(4-溴丁基)-4-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪

    • 将上述化合物和1,4-二溴丁烷、碳酸钠在乙腈中回流。
    • 冷却后过滤并干燥,获得浅黄色晶体。
  9. 最终合成丁螺环酮

    • 该路径下将上述产物与β, β-四亚甲基戊二酰亚胺、无水碳酸钾和正丁醇一起回流。蒸去溶剂冷却后滤集固体,再用异丙醇重结晶。
    • 最后再与氯化氢作用成盐并用无水乙醇重结晶即得最终产品。
改进路径

改进的方法在合成1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪时使用了不同的方法,提高了总收率,并且降低了中间体的用量和成本。这种方法先引入丁基到哌嗪环中,然后与戊二酰亚胺进行反应,得到了更高纯度和较高产率的产品。

总结

盐酸丁螺环酮的生产是一个涉及多个步骤的化学合成过程。不同的路径在提高收率、降低成本方面提供了改进机会。这个合成路线不仅为药物工业提供了指导,还展示了精细化工领域中不断优化生产工艺的重要性。

上下游信息

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    丁螺环酮 在 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid trisodium salt 、 氧气 、 manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate 、 维生素 Cferrous(II) sulfate heptahydrate 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 反应 2.0h, 以5.16%的产率得到5-羟基丁螺环酮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    通过修饰的Udenfriend反应合成潜在的药物代谢产物
    摘要:
    对几种药物(氯氮平,氯丙嗪,丙咪嗪,丁螺环酮,地尔硫卓和普萘洛尔)进行改良的Udenfriend条件(Fe 2+ / Mn 2+ / EDTA /抗坏血酸/ O 2)。从每个反应中,可以得到1至8%的氧化产物,总产率为1–8%。据报道,其中许多产品(14种中的9种)是母体药物在体内的代谢产物。产物主要由芳族羟基化产生,并且常规合成不易获得。因此,只要简便的合成途径比高产率更为重要(例如,对于化合物的快速衍生化或代谢物的制备),所描述的反应就可能在药物开发中有用。水溶性差的化合物无法转化,这是该方法的重要限制。
    DOI:
    10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.014
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    4-(4-pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)but-2-enyl acetate 在 palladium on activated charcoal 四(三苯基膦)钯氢气 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃二甲基亚砜乙酸乙酯 为溶剂, 生成 丁螺环酮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Kuo, David L., Heterocycles, 1993, vol. 36, # 7, p. 1463 - 1470
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • [EN] S-NITROSOMERCAPTO COMPOUNDS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE S-NITROSOMERCAPTO ET DÉRIVÉS APPARENTÉS
    申请人:GALLEON PHARMACEUTICALS INC
    公开号:WO2009151744A1
    公开(公告)日:2009-12-17
    The present invention is directed to mercapto-based and S- nitrosomercapto-based SNO compounds and their derivatives, and their use in treating a lack of normal breathing control, including the treatment of apnea and hypoventilation associated with sleep, obesity, certain medicines and other medical conditions.
    本发明涉及基于巯基和S-亚硝基巯基的SNO化合物及其衍生物,以及它们在治疗正常呼吸控制缺失方面的用途,包括治疗与睡眠、肥胖、某些药物和其他医疗状况相关的呼吸暂停和低通气。
  • [EN] COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS BACE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE BACE
    申请人:ASTRAZENECA AB
    公开号:WO2016055858A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-04-14
    The present application relates to compounds of formula (I), (la), or (lb) and their pharmaceutical compositions/preparations. This application further relates to methods of treating or preventing Αβ-related pathologies such as Down's syndrome, β- amyloid angiopathy such as but not limited to cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, disorders associated with cognitive impairment such as but not limited to MCI ("mild cognitive impairment"), Alzheimer's disease, memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia, including dementia of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, pre-senile dementia, senile dementia and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease.
    本申请涉及式(I)、(Ia)或(Ib)的化合物及其药物组合物/制剂。本申请进一步涉及治疗或预防与Αβ相关的病理学,如唐氏综合症,β-淀粉样蛋白血管病,如但不限于脑淀粉样蛋白血管病或遗传性脑出血,与认知损害相关的疾病,如但不限于MCI(“轻度认知损害”),阿尔茨海默病,记忆丧失,与阿尔茨海默病相关的注意力缺陷症状,与疾病如阿尔茨海默病或痴呆症相关的神经退行性疾病,包括混合性血管性和退行性起源的痴呆,早老性痴呆,老年性痴呆和与帕金森病相关的痴呆的方法。
  • [EN] SULFONYL COMPOUNDS THAT INTERACT WITH GLUCOKINASE REGULATORY PROTEIN<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE SULFONYLE QUI INTERAGISSENT AVEC LA PROTÉINE RÉGULATRICE DE LA GLUCOKINASE
    申请人:AMGEN INC
    公开号:WO2013123444A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-08-22
    The present invention relates to sulfonyl compounds that interact with glucokinase regulatory protein. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of treating type 2 diabetes, and other diseases and/or conditions where glucokinase regulatory protein is involved using the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    本发明涉及与葡萄糖激酶调节蛋白相互作用的磺酰基化合物。此外,本发明涉及使用这些化合物或其药学上可接受的盐治疗2型糖尿病和其他涉及葡萄糖激酶调节蛋白的疾病和/或症状的方法,以及含有这些化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物。
  • [EN] METHYL OXAZOLE OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] MÉTHYLOXAZOLES ANTAGONISTES DU RÉCEPTEUR DE L'OREXINE
    申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
    公开号:WO2016089721A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-06-09
    The present invention is directed to methyl oxazole compounds which are antagonists of orexin receptors. The present invention is also directed to uses of the compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which orexin receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these compositions in the potential prevention or treatment of such diseases in which orexin receptors are involved.
    本发明涉及甲基噁唑化合物,其为促进睡眠的受体拮抗剂。本发明还涉及所述化合物在潜在治疗或预防涉及促进睡眠的神经和精神疾病和疾病中的用途。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及这些组合物在潜在预防或治疗涉及促进睡眠的疾病中的用途。
  • HETEROBICYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    申请人:Amgen Inc.
    公开号:US20130225552A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-08-29
    Heterobicyclic compounds of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, as defined in the specification, and compositions containing them, and processes for preparing such compounds. Provided herein also are methods of treating disorders or diseases treatable by inhibition of PDE10, such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Huntington's Disease, and the like.
    Formula (I)的杂环化合物: 或其药用可接受的盐、互变异构体或立体异构体,如规范中所定义,并含有它们的组合物,以及制备这种化合物的方法。本文还提供了通过抑制PDE10来治疗由此可治疗的疾病或疾病的方法,如肥胖症、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、精神分裂症、躁郁症、强迫症、亨廷顿病等。
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