醋酸氧铀锌 | 10138-94-0

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 醋酸氧铀锌
• 中文别名: 乙酸铀酰锌
• 英文名称: zinc;dioxouranium;diacetate
• CAS: 10138-94-0
• 化学式: C4H6O6UZn
• 分子量: 453.5
• InChiKey: BZEGOLSGLHGDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.73
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  114
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

铀通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被少量吸收。体内液体中的铀通常以尿anyl离子（UO2）2+的形式存在，与阴离子如柠檬酸盐和碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合。铀优先分布在骨骼、肝脏和肾脏中。进入体内的铀大部分不被吸收，并通过尿液和粪便从体内排出。锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠道进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌广泛分布并存在于所有组织和组织液中，集中在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中。在血液中，锌存在于红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，以及血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。（L49，L248）

Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49, L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铀与血液中的碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合，但一旦进入肾脏，它就会被释放并与肾小管壁上的磷酸盐配体和蛋白质形成复合物，造成损害。铀还可能抑制肾近端小管中的依赖钠传输和不依赖钠传输的ATP利用和线粒体氧化磷酸化。铀通过损害肺泡上皮II型细胞引起呼吸系统疾病。铀诱导c-Jun N末端激酶（JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）的激活，进而诱导肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的分泌，在肺部产生炎症反应。研究表明，铀盐越可溶，毒性越大。铀产生的电离辐射损伤DNA，导致基因突变和染色体畸变。这可以启动和促进致癌作用，并干扰繁殖和发育。由于过量吸收锌抑制铜和铁的吸收，导致贫血，这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌不平衡地结合铜锌超氧化物歧化酶与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）有关。胃酸溶解金属锌产生腐蚀性的氯化锌，可能对胃粘膜造成损害。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。（L48，L49，A49，L249，A160）

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49, L249, A160)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

铀：第1组，对人类有致癌性（L135）

Uranium: Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铀主要损害肾脏，但也可能损害肺部、中枢神经系统和免疫系统。铀的放射性被认为会损害DNA，导致致癌效应以及生殖和发育损害。长期接触锌会导致贫血、共济失调、乏力，并降低体内良好胆固醇的水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损害。

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. (L49, L248, L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L49）；吸入（L49）；皮肤给药（L49）

Oral (L49) ; inhalation (L49) ; dermal (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

摄入铀可能导致呕吐和腹泻。大量摄入锌会引起胃痉挛、恶心和呕吐。急性吸入大量锌会导致金属烟雾热，其特点是寒战、发热、头痛、虚弱、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。锌与皮肤的接触会导致皮肤刺激。(L49, L248)

Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49, L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)