Primarily metabolized by hydrolysis of the acetamide moeity to form a carboxylic acid metabolite. Another metabolite is created via oxidation of the propyl side chain by CYP2C8 as well as CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6. Some conjugation with glucuronic acid and taurine account for a small amount of metabolism.
Prospective studies reported that chronic brivaracetam therapy was not accompanied by significant elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and clinically apparent liver injury was not observed. Brivaracetam has had limited general use, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant with similar structure and mechanism of action, has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury, generally arising within 1 to 20 weeks and presenting with a hepatocellular pattern of injury without immunoallergic or autoimmune features. Whether similar cases will be linked to brivaracetam is not known.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Limited information on use of brivaracetam during breastfeeding indicates that infants might have serum levels in the therapeutic range with exclusive breastfeeding, but undetectable levels with partial breastfeeding. If brivaracetam is required by the mother, it is not necessarily a reason to discontinue breastfeeding, but monitor the infant for drowsiness, agitation, adequate weight gain, and developmental milestones, especially in younger, exclusively breastfed infants and when using combinations of drugs. Measurement of infant serum levels may help rule out toxicity if there is a concern.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Three infants, including one pair of twins, were breastfed while their mothers were taking brivaracetam. The twins were partially breastfed twice daily by a mother taking only brivaracetam and the other infant was exclusively breastfed by a mother taking brivaracetam, lacosamide and perampanel for 6 weeks, then partially breastfed. None of the infants exhibited reduced wakefulness or feeding problems. At one year of age, the mothers reported normal development.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
蛋白质结合
20%绑定到血浆蛋白。
<20% bound to plasma proteins.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
吸收
几乎100%的口服生物利用度。
Nearly 100% oral bioavailability.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
>95%通过尿液排出,其中不到10%的母体化合物未发生变化。<1%通过粪便排出。
\>95% excreted in urine with <10% of the parent compound unchanged. <1% excreted in feces.
[EN] AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF (2S)-2-[(4R)-2-OXO-4-PROPYLTETRAHYDRO-1H-PYRROL-1-YL] BUTANAMIDE AND ITS INTERMEDIATES THEREOF [FR] PROCÉDÉ AMÉLIORÉ POUR LA PRÉPARATION DE (2S)-2-[(4R)-2-OXO-4-PROPYLTÉTRAHYDRO-1H-PYRROL-1-YL]BUTANAMIDE ET DE SES INTERMÉDIAIRES
[EN] LYMPHATIC SYSTEM-DIRECTING LIPID PRODRUGS<br/>[FR] PROMÉDICAMENTS LIPIDIQUES ORIENTANT VERS LE SYSTÈME LYMPHATIQUE
申请人:ARIYA THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号:WO2019046491A1
公开(公告)日:2019-03-07
The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
Discovery of 4-Substituted Pyrrolidone Butanamides as New Agents with Significant Antiepileptic Activity
作者:Benoit M. Kenda、Alain C. Matagne、Patrice E. Talaga、Patrick M. Pasau、Edmond Differding、Bénédicte I. Lallemand、Anne M. Frycia、Florence G. Moureau、Henrik V. Klitgaard、Michel R. Gillard、Bruno Fuks、Philippe Michel
DOI:10.1021/jm030913e
日期:2004.1.1
role in its antiepileptic properties. Using this novel molecular target, we initiated a drug-discovery program searching for ligands with significant affinity to LBS with the aim to characterize their therapeutic potential in epilepsy and other central nervous system diseases. We systematically investigated the various positions of the pyrrolidone acetamide scaffold. We found that (i) the carboxamide moiety
[EN] COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ET COMPOSITIONS, ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:SUNOVION PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号:WO2018023070A1
公开(公告)日:2018-02-01
Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Methods of treating neurological or psychiatric diseases and disorders in a subject in need thereof are also disclosed.
The invention provides the compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of formula I or intermediates thereof and one more of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles or diluents. The invention further provides methods of preparation and methods of use of prodrugs including NO-releasing prodrugs, double prodrugs and mutual prodrugs comprising the compounds of formula I.
INDOLE DERIVATIVE OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF
申请人:Tatani Kazuya
公开号:US20120129890A1
公开(公告)日:2012-05-24
A compound (I) of the present invention, which has an EP
1
receptor antagonism:
[wherein A represents a benzene ring or the like; Y
1
represents a C
1-6
alkylene group; Y
2
represents a single bond or the like; R
1
represents a hydrogen atom, a C
1-6
alkyl group or the like; R
2
represents a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent or the like; R
3
represents a halogen atom, a C
1-6
alkoxy group or the like; R
4
represents a hydrogen atom or the like; and R
5
represents a hydrogen atom or the like] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. Furthermore, the compound (I) of the present invention can be used as an agent for treating or preventing LUTS, in particular, various symptoms of OABs.