3 STRAINS OF HOUSEFLIES WERE USED TO DETECT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDE RESISTANCE & METAB. 1,2,3,4-TETRACHLORO-BENZENE WAS FORMED AS METABOLITE OF LINDANE IN SUSCEPTIBLE & RESISTANT HOUSEFLIES.
ORAL ADMIN OF 100 MG HEXACHLOROBENZENE/KG 9 TIMES WITHIN 4 WK INCR WT OF LIVER BY 85% IN MALE & BY 30% IN FEMALE RATS. URINE OF RATS ADMIN TWICE A WK 100 MG HEXACHLOROBENZENE CONTAINED 1,2,3,4-TETRACHLOROBENZENE.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在兔中产生2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚。/来自表格/
YIELDS 2,3,4,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL IN RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素:在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒病例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Since TeCB's can increase cytochrome p450 levels, ... they appear to induce metabolic enzymes. /This/ induction of microsomal enzyme activity has been shown to enhance the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs, pesticides and other xenobiotics. Exposure to TeCB could therefore result in decreased pharmacologic and/or toxicologic activity of numerous compounds. /In the event/ that chemical agents are metabolized to more active or toxic reactive intermediates ... exposure to TeCB would result in enhanced activity and/or toxicity of these agents. /Tetrachlorobenzenes/
To assess possible maternal hepatic and reproductive effects of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene(TeCB) 0, 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day of 1,2,3,4-TeCB was orally administered to pregnant rats on days 9-13 of gestation and the animals were killed on day 14 of pregnancy. Phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone were administered to other pregnant rats as positive hepatic controls. Maternal mortality (7/19 rats) was increased and body weight gain was greatly decreased in the 1000 mg/kg/day TeCB group. Liver to body weight ratio and hepatic microsomal protein content were unaffected by any TeCB treatment. Embryonic growth was adversely affected by TeCB treatment. Yolk sac diameter, embryonic crown-rump length and head length were all decreased /in groups receiving/ 300 mg/kg/day. This 300 mg/kg/day dosage, however did not significantly elevate the number of dead or abnormal embryos.
Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50, or 500 ppm of each of 1,2,3,4- 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-TCB for 13 weeks. Rats fed 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB exhibited significant increases in liver and kidney weights. Moderate to severe histological changes occurred in the liver and kidney of rats fed the three isomers, but the 1,2,4,5-isomer caused the more severe lesions. 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated in fat and liver in a dose dependent manner. Results indicate that 1,2,4,5-TCB is the most toxic isomer of the three.
Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dosed orally with 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene at levels that ranged from 200-4000 mg/kg, and were observed clinically for 14 days. ... Clinical signs of toxicity included depression, flaccid muscle tone, prostration, piloerection, loose stool, hypothermia, dacryorrhea, coma and death. ... Compounds were given orally in doses of 200-4000 mg/kg. LD50 values for 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5- and 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzenes (TCB) were 1470, 3105 and 2297 mg/kg, respectively, in male rats and for 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB: 1167 and 1727 mg/kg, respectively, in females. In subacute studies with doses up to 500 ppm no deaths or clinical signs of toxicity were observed. 500 ppm doses of 1,2,4,5-TCB caused a significant increase in liver weight and serum cholesterol, induced hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity, and increased hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity. Moderate to severe histological changes occurred in the liver, thyroid, kidney, and lungs. The 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5- isomers produced only mild histological changes. 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated at much higher levels than the other two isomers.
Three tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) congeners (1,2,3,4- 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene) were administered daily by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg from day 6-15 of gestation. Residues of all three congeners were found in maternal and fetal tissues but generally the amounts of the 1,2,4,5- isomer were about 100 times higher than the other two.
Ozone-Mediated Reaction of Polychlorobenzenes and Some Related Halogeno Compounds with Nitrogen Dioxide: A Novel Non-Acid Methodology for the Selective Mononitration of Moderately Deactivated Aromatic Systems
Sodiummethoxide reacts with dichlorobenzenes in HMPA to give the chloroanisoles as a result of a SNAr process. Excess MeONa then effects the demethylation of the ethers to give the chlorophenols via an SN2 reaction. With tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes the initially formed chloroanisoles can be dealkylated to chlorophenols or can suffer further substitution to give the chlorodimethoxybenzenes; these
由于S N Ar过程,甲醇钠与HMPA中的二氯苯反应生成氯茴香醚。然后过量的MeONa通过S N 2反应使醚脱甲基,得到氯酚。用三氯苯和四氯苯可以将最初形成的氯茴香醚脱烷基化为氯酚,或者可以进一步取代生成氯二甲氧基苯;它们与过量的MeONa反应,得到氯甲氧基苯酚。在取代基的电子效应的基础上,介绍并讨论了用二,三和四氯苯的各种异构体获得的结果。
New Hindered Amide Base for Aryne Insertion into Si–P, Si–S, Si–N, and C–C Bonds
作者:Milad Mesgar、Justin Nguyen-Le、Olafs Daugulis
DOI:10.1021/jacs.8b07064
日期:2018.10.24
general method for a new, hindered lithium diadamantylamide (LDAM) base-promoted insertion of arynes into Si-P, Si-S, Si-N, and C-C bonds is described. Arynes are generated from easily available aryl triflates and halides. Subsequent reaction of the aryne with silylated phosphines, sulfides, or amines affords the insertion products. Furthermore, a one-step synthesis of anthracenes from aryl halides and
描述了一种新的受阻锂二金刚胺 (LDAM) 碱促进芳炔插入 Si-P、Si-S、Si-N 和 CC 键的一般方法。芳烃是由容易获得的芳基三氟甲磺酸酯和卤化物生成的。芳炔与甲硅烷基化膦、硫化物或胺的后续反应提供插入产物。此外,还证明了从芳基卤化物和芳基酮一步合成蒽。氰基、芳基、烷基、三氟甲基、乙烯基、甲氧基、氯、氟甚至甲酰基部分与反应条件相容。与四甲基哌啶锂 (LiTMP) 促进的反应相比,新的氨基化锂提供了更高的产率。此外,LDAM 碱的庞大性基本上抑制了芳炔与碱的反应,允许使用芳基卤化物和三氟甲磺酸酯作为限制试剂。
Electrophilic aromatic reactivities via pyrolysis of 1-arylethyl acetates. Part 15. Non-additivity of chloro-substituent effects: mechanism of the elimination
作者:Ernest Glyde、Roger Taylor
DOI:10.1039/p29770001541
日期:——
gas-phase elimination of acetic acid from polychloro-substituted 1-arylethylacetates, measured between 642.0 and 692.6 K, show that the effects of the chloro-substituents are not additive in this reaction. The reactivities of the esters are greater than calculated on the basis of additivity of the substituent effects, the deviation being greater the less reactive the ester. This result, which parallels
[EN] DERIVATIVES OF PHENYL (THIO) UREA DEOXYTHYMIDINE AND USE THEREOF AS ANTIMALARIALS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PHÉNYL(THIO)URÉEDÉSOXYTHYMIDINE ET LEUR UTILISATION COMME ANTIPALUDIQUES
申请人:UNIV DUNDEE
公开号:WO2013014445A1
公开(公告)日:2013-01-31
Deoxythymidine derivatives according to formula (I) are disclosed. wherein: X may be O or S; and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 may each be independently selected from H, halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, nitro, phenyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl wherein the substituents may be C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl, benzyl, -CH2OAr, -OR6 and six-membered ring heterocyclic groups containing 1 or more O and/or N heteroatoms wherein any N heteroatom may be C1-C6 alkyl-substituted; and R6 may be selected from C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, six-membered ring heterocyclic groups containing at least one O heteroatom, benzyl and substituted benzyl wherein the substituents may be halo, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; R7 may be H or C1-C6 alkyl; and the stereochemistry of the bond depicted as 〰 is either α or β. Such derivatives have shown good inhibitory activity against malaria-causing parasites, e.g. Plasmodium falciparum, but have shown low levels of toxicity to human cells.
Free-radical reactions of halogenated bridged polycyclic compounds. Part V. The addition of thiols and bromotrichloromethane to 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-7,7-dimethoxynorborna-2,5-diene and the preparation of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-7,7-dimethoxyquadricyclene
作者:D. I. Davies、P. J. Rowley
DOI:10.1039/j39670002245
日期:——
7-dimethoxynorborna-2,5-diene (Ia) affords 1,4,5,6-tetrachloro-7,7-dimethoxynorborn-5-en-2-endo-yl alkyl sulphides (IV) and 1,2,3,5-endo-tetrachloro-6,6-di-methoxynorborn-2-en-7-syn-yl alkyl sulphides (V). Bromotrichloromethane affords 5-exo-bromo-1,2,3,5-endo-tetrachloro-6,6-dimethoxy-7-syn-trichloromethylnorborn-2-ene (XI) as sole product. The results are compared with those of similar reactions of