槟榔次碱缺乏槟榔碱所具有的典型拟副交感神经作用,但也能影响小鼠的行为。研究发现,它能够降低小鼠的自主活动和探究行为。进一步研究表明,在大鼠脑切片上,槟榔次碱和去甲基槟榔次碱均表现出谷氨酸(GABA)重摄取抑制剂的活性。此外,实验还指出,槟榔次碱能增强GABA和β-丙氨酸的抑制作用,而去甲基槟榔次碱则增加GABA的抑制效果,对甘氨酸无影响。然而,静脉注射槟榔次碱后未见其对GABA的作用,这提示槟榔次碱可能无法通过血脑屏障发挥作用,其在中枢神经系统的效应可能是通过其他递质系统实现的。
含量测定采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定槟榔中槟榔碱和槟榔次碱的含量。实验条件为:使用Nucleosil SA阳离子交换色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相由甲醇-水-磷酸组成,比例为60∶40∶0.3(用氨试液调pH值至3.8),流速设定为1.0mL•min-1,检测波长212nm,柱温保持在30℃。结果表明:槟榔碱和槟榔次碱与其它成分分离良好,在特定浓度范围内(槟榔碱2.023~2.30μg•mL-1;槟榔次碱0.851~3.55μg•mL-1)与其线性关系良好,回收率分别为97.2%和103.9%,且RSD值分别为2.4%和2.6%。综上所述,该方法具有良好的专属性、准确性和重复性,适用于测定槟榔中槟榔碱和槟榔次碱的含量。
生物活性Arecaidine 是一种吡啶生物碱,作为H+ 偶联氨基酸转运蛋白1 (PAT1,SLC36A1) 的底物,能够竞争性抑制L-脯氨酸的摄取,并且是一种有效的GABA吸收抑制剂。
类别有毒物品
可燃性危险特性可燃;燃烧会产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾
储运特性应存放在通风良好、低温干燥的库房中
灭火剂干粉、泡沫、沙土、二氧化碳或雾状水
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
槟榔碱 | arecoline | 63-75-2 | C8H13NO2 | 155.197 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
槟榔碱 | arecoline | 63-75-2 | C8H13NO2 | 155.197 |
1-甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢烟酸乙酯 | Homoarecoline | 28125-84-0 | C9H15NO2 | 169.224 |
烯丙基1-甲基-3-哌啶羧酸酯 | 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid propyl ester | 5497-44-9 | C10H17NO2 | 183.25 |
—— | 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester | 10558-56-2 | C10H17NO2 | 183.25 |
—— | 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid butyl ester | 5497-45-0 | C11H19NO2 | 197.277 |
1-甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢-3-吡啶甲酰氯 | 1-Methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride | 59826-28-7 | C7H10ClNO | 159.615 |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are a pivotal constituent of the central and peripheral nervous system. Yet, therapeutic and diagnostic applications thereof are hampered by the lack of subtype selective ligands. Within this work, we synthesized and chemically characterized three different stereoisomers of hydrobenzoin esters of arecaidine by NMR, HR-MS, chiral chromatography, and HPLC-logP. All compounds are structurally eligible for carbon-11 labeling and show appropriate stability in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and F12 cell culture medium. A competitive radioligand binding assay on Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes comprising the human mAChR subtypes M1-M5 showed the highest orthosteric binding affinity for subtype M1 and a strong influence of stereochemistry on binding affinity, which corresponds to in silico molecular docking experiments. Ki values toward M1 were determined as 99 ± 19 nM, 800 ± 200 nM, and 380 ± 90 nM for the (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and racemic (R,S)-stereoisomer, respectively, highlighting the importance of stereochemical variations in mAChR ligand development. All three stereoisomers were shown to act as antagonists toward mAChR M1 using a Fluo-4 calcium efflux assay. With respect to future positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development, the (R,R)-isomer appears especially promising as a lead structure due to its highest subtype selectivity and lowest Ki value.