普罗布考是一种调脂药,具有强大的抗氧化、抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。它是美国食品药品管理局唯一认证的人工合成抗氧化剂,早在1970年代就在美国上市。其化学结构独特,分子中含两个易被氧化的酚羟基,能有效捕捉氧离子并形成稳定的酚氧基团。
普罗布考通过降低胆固醇合成和促进胆固醇分解来降低血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平,并改变高密度脂蛋白亚型的性质和功能。其降血脂作用主要体现在降低血浆中的胆固醇浓度,但对极低密度脂蛋白无显著影响,也无明显降低甘油三酯的作用。
普罗布考主要用于治疗Ⅱα型高脂蛋白血症及与降甘油三酯药物合用以治疗Ⅱb、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型高脂蛋白血症。它还具有预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化病,以及冠心病的调血脂作用。化学性质方面,普罗布考从乙醇中结晶得到,熔点为124.5~126℃;从异丙醇中结晶则呈细微黄色,熔点为125~126.5℃。
生产方法 普罗布考的合成方法之一是:将47.5g(0.2mo1)2,6-二叔丁基-4-巯基苯酚溶于50ml甲醇中,加热至50℃并加入少量浓盐酸后,再滴加5.8g(0.1mo1)丙酮。反应温度升至60~65℃维持1.5小时,冷却后用水和碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释,并用乙醚萃取浓缩后的剩余物。最后用乙醇和异丙醇重结晶得到普罗布考,其熔点为125~126℃。
另一种方法是通过2,6-二叔丁基苯酚与硫磺或氯化硫反应生成多硫化物,再经过还原步骤获得2,6-二叔丁基-4-巯基苯酚。此化合物随后可用于制备普罗布考。
禁忌 对普罗布考过敏者禁用。同时在以下情况中应禁止使用:近期心肌损害(如新近心肌梗死),严重室性心律失常,有心源性晕厥或不明原因晕厥,QT间期延长以及正在应用其他可延长QT间期药物的患者。
注意事项 服用普罗布考期间可能会出现血氨基转移酶、胆红素、肌酸磷酸激酶、尿酸及尿素氮水平短暂升高。定期监测心电图中的QT间期也很重要,并且在用药期间应坚持低脂和低胆固醇饮食。 妊娠安全性分类为B级,但需注意与可能引起心律失常的药物合用时增加不良反应的风险。
药物相互作用 普罗布考与其他导致心律失常的药物如三环类抗抑郁药、Ⅰ类及Ⅲ类抗心律失常药和吩噻嗪类药物联用时需谨慎。它还会增强香豆素类药物的抗凝效果以及降糖药的作用,并可能降低环孢素的血药浓度。
化学书(Chemicalbook)的米一编辑整理了有关普罗布考的调脂作用、适应症、不良反应及注意事项等信息。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2,6-二叔丁基-4-巯基苯酚 | 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylthiophenol | 950-59-4 | C14H22OS | 238.394 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | Phenol, 4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | —— | C33H52O2S2 | 544.907 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-{1-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-phenylsulfanyl]-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl}-phenol | —— | C33H52O3S2 | 560.906 |
—— | Phenol, 4-[[-1-[[-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(4-hydroxybutoxy)phenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | —— | C35H56O3S2 | 588.96 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]ethoxy}-phenyl-sulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenol | —— | C38H62O5S2 | 663.039 |
—— | 2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethyl-sulfanyl]phenoxymethyl}propane-1,3-diol | —— | C35H56O4S2 | 604.959 |
4-(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-(2-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基硫代)丙烷-2-基硫代)苯氧基)丁酸 | butanoic acid, 4-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(dimethylethyl)phenoxy]- | 216167-95-2 | C35H54O4S2 | 602.943 |
卡莫布可 | 2-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid | 216167-92-9 | C33H50O4S2 | 574.89 |
—— | 5-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylsulfanyl)-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl]-phenoxy}-pentane-1,2(S)-diol | —— | C36H58O4S2 | 618.986 |
—— | 2-propenoic acid, 3-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]-, (E)- | —— | C34H50O4S2 | 586.901 |
—— | 1,2-Propanediol, 3-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]- | —— | C34H54O4S2 | 590.932 |
—— | methyl 4-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]butyrate | 216168-59-1 | C36H56O4S2 | 616.97 |
—— | 2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}-N-hydroxyacetamidine | —— | C33H52N2O3S2 | 588.919 |
—— | Phenol, 4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(oxiranylmethoxy)phenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | 216167-99-6 | C34H52O3S2 | 572.917 |
—— | 2-Propenoic acid, 4-[4-[[-1-[[-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]butyl ester | 216168-29-5 | C38H58O4S2 | 643.008 |
—— | {2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}acetic acid ethyl ester | 216168-57-9 | C35H54O4S2 | 602.943 |
—— | 2-propenoic acid, 3-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]-, ethyl ester, (E)- | 216168-07-9 | C36H54O4S2 | 614.954 |
—— | Phenol, 4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | —— | C36H58O4S2 | 618.986 |
—— | 4-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethyl-sulfanyl]phenoxy}butane-1,2(S),3(S)-triol | —— | C35H56O5S2 | 620.959 |
—— | 4-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethyl-sulfanyl]phenoxy}butane-1,2(R),3(R)-triol | —— | C35H56O5S2 | 620.959 |
—— | butanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, 4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl ester | 216167-88-3 | C35H54O4S2 | 602.943 |
4-(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-(2-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基硫代)丙烷-2-基硫代)苯氧基)-4-氧代丁酸 | probucol monosuccinate | 216167-82-7 | C35H52O5S2 | 616.927 |
普罗布考二琥珀酸盐 | AIf1 | 216168-45-5 | C39H56O8S2 | 717.001 |
—— | glycine, N-[[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]acetyl]- | —— | C35H53NO5S2 | 631.942 |
—— | 2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}-N-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)acetamide | —— | C36H57NO5S2 | 647.984 |
—— | Glycine, N-[3-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]2-hydroxypropyl]- | —— | C36H57NO5S2 | 647.984 |
—— | 3-(2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}acetylamino)propionic acid | —— | C36H55NO5S2 | 645.968 |
—— | D-glucitol, 6-O-[4-[[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]thio]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]ester | —— | C37H60O7S2 | 681.011 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(1-{3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-[3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)propoxy]phenylsulfanyl}-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl)phenol | —— | C47H84O4S2Si2 | 833.485 |
—— | 3-(2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}acetylamino)propionic acid ethyl ester | 793709-36-1 | C38H59NO5S2 | 674.022 |
—— | (2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}acetylamino)acetic acid ethyl ester | 216168-60-4 | C37H57NO5S2 | 659.995 |
—— | [(2-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenoxy}acetyl)methylamino]acetic acid | —— | C36H55NO5S2 | 645.968 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(1-{3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-[3-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4(R)-yl)-propoxy]-phenylsulfanyl}-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl)-phenol | —— | C39H62O4S2 | 659.051 |
—— | 5-[4-[1-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]thio]-1-methylethyl]-thio-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]-2(R),3(R),4(R)-trihydroxy-pentanoic acid | 366494-61-3 | C36H56O7S2 | 664.968 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-{2-[2-ethoxy-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl]-ethoxy}-phenylsulfanyl)-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl]-phenol | 870460-36-9 | C40H64O6S2 | 705.077 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-{1-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-ethoxy-5(S)-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4(S)-yl-methoxy)-phenylsulfanyl]-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl}-phenol | —— | C38H60O6S2 | 677.023 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-{1-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-ethoxy-5(R)-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4(R)-ylmethoxy)-phenylsulfanyl]-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl}-phenol | 870460-21-2 | C38H60O6S2 | 677.023 |
双(3,5-二叔丁基苯-4-醇)二硫化物 | 4,4'-dithiobis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) | 6386-58-9 | C28H42O2S2 | 474.772 |
—— | bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) trisulfide | 6386-61-4 | C28H42O2S3 | 506.838 |
—— | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(1-{3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4(S)-yl)-ethoxy]-phenylsulfanyl}-1-methyl-ethylsulfanyl)-phenol | 870460-32-5 | C38H58O5S2 | 659.008 |
—— | (3R,4S,5R)-5-[[2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropan-2-ylsulfanyl]phenoxy]methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one | 366494-64-6 | C36H54O6S2 | 646.953 |
—— | 6-O-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1-methylethylsulfanyl]phenyl}-β-D-glucopyranose | 873653-33-9 | C37H58O7S2 | 678.995 |