Discovery of Novel Phenolic Antioxidants as Inhibitors of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression for Use in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
作者:Charles Q. Meng、Patricia K. Somers、Lee K. Hoong、X. Sharon Zheng、Zhihong Ye、Kimberly J. Worsencroft、Jacob E. Simpson、Martha R. Hotema、M. David Weingarten、Mathew L. MacDonald、Russell R. Hill、Elaine M. Marino、Ki-Ling Suen、Jayraz Luchoomun、Charles Kunsch、Laura K. Landers、Dimitria Stefanopoulos、Randy B. Howard、Cynthia L. Sundell、Uday Saxena、Martin A. Wasserman、James A. Sikorski
DOI:10.1021/jm049685u
日期:2004.12.1
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mediates recruitment of leukocytes to endothelial cells and is implicated in many inflammatory conditions. Since part of the signal transduction pathway that regulates the activation of VCAM-1 expression is redox-sensitive, compounds with antioxidant properties may have inhibitory effects on VCAM-1 expression. Novel phenolic compounds have been designed and synthesized starting from probucol (1). Many of these compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression and displayed potent antioxidant effects in. vitro. Some of these derivatives (4o, 4p, 4w, and 4x) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro and showed antiinflammatory effects in an animal model. Compounds 4ad and 4ae are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prevention of chronic organ transplant rejection, respectively.